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ALLBASE/SQL FORTRAN Application Programming Guide: HP 9000 Computer Systems
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HP Part Number: 36217-90100

Edition: Fourth Edition

Published: Printed in: U.S.A. 1992

Table of Contents

Preface
1 Getting Started with ALLBASE/SQL Programming in FORTRAN
ALLBASE/SQL FORTRAN Programs
Program Structure
DBEnvironment Access
Authorization
File Referencing
Use of Shared Memory
Choosing an Interprocess Communication Option
Native Language Support
The ALLBASE/SQL FORTRAN Preprocessor
Effect of Preprocessing on Source Code
Effect of Preprocessing on DBEnvironments
The Stored Section
Purpose of Sections
Section Validity
The Compiler and the Linker
The Executable Program
Installing the Program Module
Granting Required Owner Authorization
Granting Program User Authorization
Running the Program
Maintaining ALLBASE/SQL Programs
Updating Application Programs
Changing Program-Related Authorization
Obsoleting Programs
2 Using The ALLBASE/SQL FORTRAN Preprocessor
The Preprocessor and Program Development
FORTRAN Preprocessor Compiler Directives
Preprocessor Modes
Preprocessor Input and Output
Preprocessor Source File
Output File Attributes
Preprocessor Modified Source File
Variable Declaration Include File
ALLBASE/SQL Message File
Installable Module File
Stored Sections
Invoking the Fortran Preprocessor
Syntax Checking Mode
Full Preprocessing Mode
Running the Preprocessor in the Background
Preprocessing Errors
Preprocessor or DBEnvironment Termination
Preprocessor Invocation Errors
Source File Errors
DBEnvironment Errors
3 Embedding SQL Commands
General Rules for Embedding SQL
Location of SQL Commands
Prefix
FORTRAN Comments
SQL Comments
Continuation Lines
Declaring the SQLCA
Declaring Host Variables
Starting a DBE Session
Defining Transactions
Implicit Status Checking
Terminating a DBE Session
Defining and Manipulating Data
Data Definition
Data Manipulation
Explicit Status Checking
Obtaining ALLBASE/SQL Messages
4 Host Variables
Using Host Variables
Host Variable Names
Input and Output Host Variables
Data Values and Null Indicators
Declaring Host Variables
Declaring Variables for Data Types
Variable Declarations
Using Default Data Values
ALLBASE/SQL Program Elements
Data Type Compatibility
Declaring Host Variables for Data Values and Indicator Variables
Declaring Host Variables for Dynamic Commands
Declaring Host Variables for Savepoint Numbers
Declaring Host Variables for Message Catalog Messages
Declaring Host Variables Passed from Subprograms
Declaring Host Variables for HP-UX File Values
Declaring Host Variables for DBEnvironment Names
5 Runtime Status Checking and the SQLCA
The Importance of Status Checking
Handling Runtime Errors and Warnings
Maintaining Data Consistency
Determining Number of Rows Processed
The SQLCA COMMON Block
SQLCA.SQLCODE
SQLCA.SQLERRD(3)
SQLCA.SQLWARN(0)
SQLWARN(1)
SQLWARN(2)
SQLWARN(6)
Approaches to Status Checking
Implicit Status Checking
Explicit Status Checking
6 Overview of Data Manipulation
The Query
The SELECT Command
Selecting from Multiple Tables
Selecting Using Views
Query Efficiency
Simple Data Manipulation
Introducing the Cursor
Sequential Table Processing
Dynamic Operations
7 Simple Data Manipulation
Simple Data Manipulation Commands
The SELECT Command
The INSERT Command
The DELETE Command
The UPDATE Command
Transaction Management for Simple Operations
Program Using SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, and INSERT
Select Function
Update Function
Delete Function
Insert Function
8 Processing with Cursors
Sequential Table Processing Commands
The DECLARE CURSOR Command
The OPEN Command
The FETCH Command
The UPDATE WHERE CURRENT Command
The DELETE WHERE CURRENT Command
The CLOSE Command
Transaction Management for Cursor Operations
Using KEEP CURSOR
OPEN Command Using KEEP CURSOR WITH LOCKS
OPEN Command Using KEEP CURSOR WITH NOLOCKS
KEEP CURSOR and Isolation Levels
KEEP CURSOR and BEGIN WORK
KEEP CURSOR and COMMIT WORK
KEEP CURSOR and ROLLBACK WORK
KEEP CURSOR and Aborted Transactions
Writing KEEP CURSOR Applications
Program Using UPDATE WHERE CURRENT
FetchUpdate Function
DisplayUpdate Subroutine
9 Using Dynamic Operations
Review of Preprocessing Events
Differences between Dynamic and Non-Dynamic Preprocessing
Permanently Stored vs. Temporary Sections
Examples of Non-Dynamic and Dynamic SQL Statements
Why Use Dynamic Preprocessing?
Passing Dynamic Commands to ALLBASE/SQL
Understanding Dynamic Operations
Preprocessing of Dynamic Non-Queries
Using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
Using PREPARE and EXECUTE
Programs Using Dynamic Operations
Sample Program Using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
Sample Program Using PREPARE and EXECUTE
10 Programming with Constraints
Comparing Statement Level and Row Level Integrity
Using Unique and Referential Integrity Constraints
Designing an Application Using Statement Level Integrity Checks
Insert a Member in the Recreation Database
Update an Event in the Recreation Database
Delete a Club in the Recreation Database
Delete an Event in the Recreation Database
11 Programming with LONG Columns
General Concepts
Restrictions
Defining LONG Columns with a CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE Command
Defining Input and Output with the LONG Column I/O String
Putting Data into a LONG Column with an INSERT Command
Insert Using Host Variables for LONG Column I/O Strings
Retrieving LONG Column Data with a SELECT, FETCH, or REFETCH Command
Using the LONG Column Descriptor
Using LONG Columns with a SELECT Command
Using LONG Columns with a Dynamic FETCH Command
Changing a LONG Column with an UPDATE [WHERE CURRENT] Command
Removing LONG Column Data with a DELETE [WHERE CURRENT] Command
Coding Considerations
12 Programming with ALLBASE/SQL Functions
Programming with Date/Time Functions
Where Date/Time Functions Can Be Used
Defining and Using Host Variables with Date/Time Functions
Using Date/Time Input Functions
Using Date/Time Output Functions
Using the Date/Time ADD_MONTHS Function
Programming with TID Data Access
Understanding TID Function Input and Output
Transaction Management with TID Access
Comparing TID Access to Other Types of Data Access
Verifying Data that is Accessed by TID
Considering Interactive User Applications
Index

List of Figures

1-1 Creating an ALLBASE/SQL FORTRAN Application Program
1-2  Use of DBCore Shared Memory in a DBEnvironment
1-3 Preprocess-Time Events
1-4 Compile-Time and Link-Time Events
1-5 Runtime Events
2-1 Developing a FORTRAN Program
2-2 Developing a FORTRAN Program with Subprograms
2-3 FORTRAN Preprocessor Input and Output
2-4 FORTRAN Compiler Input
2-5 Runtime Dialog of Program forex2
2-6 Program forex2
2-7 Modified Source File for Program forex2
2-8 Sample Variable Declaration Include File
2-9 Sample sqlmsg Showing Errors
2-10 Sample sqlmsg Showing Warning
2-11 Information in SYSTEM.SECTION on Stored Sections
3-1 Sample Source File
4-1 Host Variable Declarations
4-2 Declaring Host Variables for Single-Row Query Result
4-3 Declaring Host Variables for Multiple-Row Query Result
4-4 Declaring Host Variables for Dynamic Commands
4-5 Declaring Host Variables for Savepoint Numbers
4-6 Declaring Host Variables for Message Catalog Messages
4-7 Declaring Host Variables Passed From Subprograms
4-8 Declaring Host Variables for HP-UX File Values
4-9 Declaring Host Variables for DBEnvironment Names
5-1 Program forex5: Implicit and Explicit Status Checking
5-2 Explicitly Invoking Status-Checking Subprogram Units
6-1 Sample Query Joining Multiple Tables
6-2 Effect of SQL Commands on Cursor and Active Sets
7-1 Flow Chart of Program forex7
7-2 Flow Chart of Program forex7 (page 2 of 2)
7-3 Runtime Dialog of Program forex7
7-4 Program forex7: Using INSERT, UPDATE, SELECT, and DELETE
8-1 Cursor Operation without the KEEP CURSOR Feature
8-2 Cursor Operation Using KEEP CURSOR WITH LOCKS
8-3 Cursor Operation Using KEEP CURSOR WITH NOLOCKS
8-4 Flow Chart of Program forex8
8-5 Runtime Dialog of Program forex8
8-6 Program forex8: Using UPDATE WHERE CURRENT
9-1 Creation and Use of a Program that has a Stored Module
9-2 Creation and Use of a Program that has No Stored Module
9-3 Procedure Hosting Dynamic Non-Query Commands
9-4 Runtime Dialog for Program forex9a
9-5 Program forex9a: Sample Program Using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
9-6 Runtime Dialog of Program forex9b
9-7 Program forex9b: Sample Program Using PREPARE and EXECUTE
10-1 Constraints Enforced on the Recreation Database
11-1 Flow of LONG Column Data and Related Information to the Database
11-2 Flow of LONG Column Data and Related Information from the Database

List of Tables

4-1 Data Description Entries for Host Variables
4-2 ALLBASE/SQL Floating Point Column Specifications
4-3 Program Element Declarations
4-4 Data Type Equivalency and Compatibility
6-1 How Data Manipulation Commands May Be Used
10-1 Commands Used with Integrity Constraints
10-2 Constraint Test Matrix
11-1 Commands You Can Use with LONG Columns
11-2 LONG Column Descriptor
12-1 Where to Use Date/Time Functions
12-2 Host Variable Data Type Compatibility for Date/Time Functions
12-3 Sample of User Requested Formats for Date/Time Data
12-4 SQLTID Data Internal Format
   


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