Major Components

HTTPD

The Apache web server program. "HTTP" stands for the protocol used between the client browser and the Apache web server. "D" stands for daemon, a system program which automatically handles certain system operations. The HTTPD web server program intercepts an incoming request from the browser, interprets and handles the request, then delivers output back to the client.

The HTTPD program file is linked with Privilege Mode (PM) capability. Because HTTPD is a Privilege Mode program, it must run under an MPE/iX account and group which both have PM capability. PM is necessary for Apache to use port numbers less than 1024 (privileged ports). By default, Apache uses port 80.

JHTTPD.sample

The sample file for creating the Apache start-up job. JHTTPD is streamed to run the Apache web server as a standalone process. This file specifies the system timezone and the location of the global Apache configuration file, httpd.conf.

bin/

The directory for Apache utility scripts and programs contributed by the Apache Software Foundation. Included in this directory are the htpasswd utility, used in Basic Authentication, and the apxs utility, for creating DSOs.

cgi-bin/

The directory for CGI scripts. CGI scripts are executed by Apache on behalf of its clients. Sample CGI scripts are distributed as part of the product.

conf/

Location of the Apache run-time configuration files. The configuration files tell the HTTPD server program where to find files, which files and directories can be accessed and who can access them, the location of CGI programs and much more. Apache is highly configurable and Apache's config files determine how the web server will behave.

htdocs/

The htdocs directory contains the public documents, images, and data to be served to clients. The htdocs directory and the directories below it are available to anyone accessing your web server.

htdocs/manual/

This directory contains a full, on-line manual set (HTML format) for Apache. These files describe the entire Apache feature set and the syntax definitions for configuring these features. Access to the manual documents is specified with the URL, http://yourserver.com/manual/index.html, where "yourserver.com" is the name of your HP e3000.

icons/

This directory contains images used by Apache.

include/

This directory contains the Apache C header files required for compiling DSOs.

libexec/

By convention, this is the location for DSO modules.

logs/

The logs directory contains log files including web server accesses (access_log) and errors (error_log).

man/

Location of the man pages for the Apache utilities in bin/. To make these pages viewable with the man command, add the man/ directory to your MANPATH environment variable:

  shell/iX>export MANPATH="/APACHE/PUB/man:$MANPATH"
  shell/iX>man apxs
  shell/iX>man htpasswd

proxy/

Directory where Apache caches documents when it is operating as a proxy server.

public_html/

The home directory for MGR.APACHE. It is accessed by http://yourserver.com/~MGR.APACHE/.

Preparing HP e3000 for Network Access

• Configure TCP/IP on the system.

• Have a domain name associated with the system's IP address.

  :run ping.net.sys;info="15.99.200.390"

  64 byte(s) from $0F0DC0CF : icmp seq = 11, time = 2 ms
  64 byte(s) from $0F0DC0CF : icmp seq = 12, time = 3 ms
  64 byte(s) from $0F0DC0CF : icmp seq = 13, time = 2 ms
  < CONTROL-y >

  C:\>ping yourserver.com
  Pinging yourserver.com [15.99.200.390] with 32 bytes of data
  Reply from 15.99.200.390: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=199
  Reply from 15.99.200.390: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=199
  Reply from 15.99.200.390: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=199

• Add one or more nameserver lines. Each line should contain the IP address of a valid DNS.

• Add one domain line that contains the DNS domain name for the domain to which your web server belongs. This domain name should not include the web server's hostname (:NMMGR node name).

• The DNS server listed on each nameserver line must contain both a valid "A" record and "PTR" record. The content of these records must agree with the actual hostname of the web server and the actual domain name in RESLVCNF.NET.SYS.

  shell/iX> uname -n
  YOURSERVER

  shell/iX > cat /etc/resolv.conf
  #domain <domain>
  #nameserver <primary server's IP address>
  #nameserver <secondary server's IP address>
  #
  #
  domain abc.com
  nameserver 25.33.100.134
  nameserver 25.33.125.172

Configure Apache

  :HELLO MGR.APACHE
  :XEQ SH.HPBIN.SYS -L

  shell/iX> cd /APACHE/PUB/conf
  shell/iX> cp mime.types.sample mime.types
  shell/iX> cp magic.sample magic
  shell/iX> cp httpd.conf.sample conf
  shell/iX> cp access.conf.sample access.conf  (optional)
  shell/iX> cp srm.conf.sample srm.conf        (optional)

Edit httpd.conf

  shell/iX> cd /APACHE/PUB/conf
  shell/iX> vi httpd.conf

1. Modify the following httpd.conf directives by replacing "yourserver.com" with your own server name:

   • ServerAdmin MGR.APACHE@yourserver.com

   • ServerName yourserver.com

   All lines beginning with # are comments and are ignored by the HTTPD program file. Changes to the global configuration files do not take effect until the web server is started or restarted via kill -HUP.

   These are the only changes that need to be made to start up the web server. For information about other configuration directives, visit the online Apache documentation at http://www.apache.org/docs.

2. Verify the configuration file. It is a good idea to verify your configuration files before trying to start the web server. This verification is for syntax checking only.

   
     shell/iX> /APACHE/PUB/HTTPD -t
     Syntax OK
   
   

Setup the JHTTPD Job Stream File

  shell/iX> cd /APACHE/PUB
  shell/iX> cp JHTTPD.sample JHTTPD
  shell/iX> cat JHTTPD
  !job jhttpd,www.apache,pub;outclass=,2
  !setvar TZ 'PST8PDT'
  !xeq sh.hpbin.sys "-c 'umask 007;./HTTPD -f conf/httpd.conf'"
  !eoj

  shell/iX> man timezone

Start Apache

  :STREAM JHTTPD.PUB.APACHE

  :XEQ SH.HPBIN.SYS -L
  shell/iX>callci "stream jhttpd.pub.apache"

Verify that Apache is Running

  JOBNUM STATE IPRI JIN JLIST INTRODUCED  JOB NAME
  #J16   EXEC  10S      LP    TUE 10:27A  JHTTPD,WWW.APACHE

  :SHOWPROC; job=httpd,www.apache
  QPRI  CPUTIME   STATE JOBNUM PIN  (PROGRAM) STEP
  D202  0:00.182  WAIT   J321   75  :XEQ sh.hpbin.sys "-c 'umask 007;./HTTPD -$
  D202  0:00.202  WAIT   J321    65   (SH.HPBIN.SYS) -c 'umask 007;./HTTPD -f $
  D202  0:03.313  WAIT   J321     76   (HTTPD.PUB.APACHE)
  D202  0:00.053  WAIT   J321       91   (HTTPD.PUB.APACHE)
  D202  0:00.050  WAIT   J321       79   (HTTPD.PUB.APACHE)
  D202  0:00.051  WAIT   J321       43   (HTTPD.PUB.APACHE)
  D202  0:00.049  WAIT   J321       95   (HTTPD.PUB.APACHE)
  D202  0:00.048  WAIT   J321       58   (HTTPD.PUB.APACHE)

  shell/iX> ps -ef | grep HTTPD
  WWW.APACHE   15466539   19660876  0   Dec 31 ldev10   0:00 HTTPD.PUB.APACHE
  WWW.APACHE   11010106   19660876  0   Dec 31 ldev10   0:00 HTTPD.PUB.APACHE
  WWW.APACHE   36896833   15204427  0   Dec 31 ldev10   0:00 SH.HPBIN.SYS
    info=-c 'umask 007;./HTTPD
  WWW.APACHE   19660876   36896833  0   Dec 31 ldev10   0:03 HTTPD.PUB.APACHE
  WWW.APACHE   23527503   19660876  0   Dec 31 ldev10   0:00 HTTPD.PUB.APACHE
  WWW.APACHE   23396443   19660876  0   Dec 31 ldev10   0:00 HTTPD.PUB.APACHE
  WWW.APACHE   24510559   19660876  0   Dec 31 ldev10   0:00 HTTPD.PUB.APACHE

• Server home page, http://yourserver.com. This brings up the default Apache home page /APACHE/PUB/htdocs/index.html.

• MGR.APACHE home page, http://yourserver.com/~MGR.APACHE. This brings up the page /APACHE/PUB/public_html/index.html. To create a new default page for MGR.APACHE, copy the sample file and edit it:

  shell/iX> cd /APACHE/PUB/public_html
  shell/iX> cp /APACHE/VUUFF/public_html/index.html.sample index.html

• The Apache online documentation manual:

  http://yourserver.com/manual

• The cgi test script, test-cgi. This script first needs to have execute permission before it can run:

  
    shell/iX>cd /APACHE/PUB/cgi-bin
    shell/iX>cp /APACHE/VUUFF/cgi-bin/test-cgi test-cgi
    shell/iX>chmod +x test-cgi
  
  

  Execute the script:

  http://yourserver.com/cgi-bin/test-cgi

Troubleshooting Apache Setup Problems

1. Look at the output of the JHTTPD spoolfile.

2. Check the messages in the /APACHE/PUB/logs/error_log file.

3. Verify the syntax of the httpd.conf file. This catches many, but not all, syntax problems in the httpd.conf file.

   :run HTTPD.PUB.APACHE:info="-t"

   or

   
     shell/iX> /APACHE/PUB/HTTPD -t
   
   

4. Access Apache's port across the network (port 80 if the port directive set in the httpd.conf file has not been modified).

  $telnet hostname 80  (from a UNIX machine)
  Trying...
  Connected to hostname.hp.com.
  Escape character is '^]'.
  GET / HTTP/1.0<RETURN><RETURN>   <--- user input

  :xeq telnet.arpa.sys  (from an MPE machine)
  Telnet Client [A6000000]     (C) Hewlett-Packard Co. 1994
  telnet> toggle crlf
  Will send carriage returns as telnet <CR><LF>.
  telnet> open hostname 80
  Trying...
  Connected to hostname.hp.com.
  Escape character is '^]'.
  Failed to turn on single echo: 68.
  GET / HTTP/1.0<RETURN><RETURN>   <--- user input

Stopping Apache

  shell/iX>kill `cat /APACHE/PUB/logs/httpd.pid`

  :HELLO MGR.APACHE
  :XEQ SH.HPBIN.SYS "-c 'kill `cat /APACHE/PUB/logs/httpd.pid`'"

  :ABORTJOB JHTTPD,WWW.APACHE

  :XEQ SH.HPBIN.SYS -L
  shell/iX>callci "abortjob jhttp,www.apache"

Restarting Apache

  shell/iX>kill -HUP `cat /APACHE/PUB/logs/httpd.pid`

  :XEQ SH.HPBIN.SYS "-c 'kill -HUP `cat /APACHE/PUB/logs/httpd.pid`'"

Error Logging

Managing Log Files

  :HELLO MGR.APACHE,PUB
  :XEQ SH.HPBIN.SYS -L
  shell/iX> cd logs
  shell/iX> mv access_log access_log.old (Apache is writing to access_log.old)
  shell/iX> mv error_log error_log.old (Apache is writing to error_log.old)
  shell/iX> kill -HUP 'cat httpd.pid'

Adding Documents

• Add files or directories beneath the DocumentRoot, /APACHE/PUB/htdocs.

• Use the Alias directive in httpd.conf to name a different document location outside of the DocumentRoot.

• Use symbolic links from the files and directories beneath the DocumentRoot to point outside the DocumentRoot. This requires Options FollowSymLinks be set in httpd.conf.

• Create a user directory reference. For USER.ACCOUNT, create directory /ACCOUNT/GROUP/public_html where GROUP is the home group of USER.ACCOUNT. File /ACCOUNT/GROUP/public_html/foo.html would be accessed by http://yourserver.com/~USER.ACCOUNT/foo.html.

  shell/iX> cd /APACHE/PUB/htdocs
  shell/iX> mkdir newdir
  shell/iX> chown MGR.APACHE:APACHE newdir
  shell/iX> chmod 750 newdir

Working with Dynamic Shared Objects (DSOs)

Creating Apache Modules

1. From a template, such as mod_example.c, or from an existing module.

2. With the apxs utility.

Tools

Module Creation Using a Template

  :HELLO MGR.APACHE
  :XEQ SH.HPBIN.SYS -L
  shell/iX> mkdir hw
  shell/iX> cd hw
  shell/iX> cp /APACHE/PUB/libexec/mod_example.c mod_hw.c

  shell/iX> gcc -DMPE -D_POSIX_SOURCE -D_SOCKET_SOURCE
  -DNO_DBM_REWRITEMAP -DUSE_HSREGEX -DEAPI -DSHARED_MODULE
  -I/APACHE/PUB/include -c mod_hw.c hw.c

  shell/iX> callci linkeditLinkEd> buildxl xl=./mod_hw.so;limit=5
  LinkEd> addxl from=./mod_hw.o,./hw.o;to=./mod_hw.so;
  rl=/lib/libm.a,/lib/libc.a;merge;share
  1 OBJECT FILE HAS BEEN ADDED.

Module Creation Using the APXS Utility

• Install the GNU tools.

• Install the Perl interpreter.

• Set up a Perl symbolic link.

  shell/iX> ln -s /PERL/PUB/PERL /usr/local/bin/perl

  :HELLO MGR.APACHE
  :XEQ SH.HPBIN.SYS -L
  shell/iX> ./bin/apxs -g -n hw
  Creating [DIR]  hw
  Creating [FILE] hw/Makefile
  Creating [FILE] hw/mod_hw.c
  shell/iX> cd hw
  shell/iX> ls
  Makefile   mod_hw.c

  shell/iX> cd /APACHER/PUB/hw
  shell/iX> makegcc -o mod_hw.o `/APACHE/PUB/bin/apxs -q CFLAGS` \
    -I`/APACHE/PUB/bin/apxs -q INCLUDEDIR` -c mod_hw.c
  gcc -o hw.o `/APACHE/PUB/bin/apxs -q CFLAGS`  -I`/APACHE/PUB/bin/apxs -q INCLUDEDIR` \
    -c hw.c
  callci "linkedit 'buildxl xl=./mod_hw.so;limit=5'"
  HP Link Editor/iX (HP30315A.06.15) Copyright Hewlett-Packard Co 1986

  LinkEd> buildxl xl=./mod_hw.so;limit=5

  LinkEd> addxl from=./mod_hw.o,./hw.o;to=./mod_hw.so; rl=/lib/libm.a,/lib/libc.a
  ;merge;share
  1 OBJECT FILE HAS BEEN ADDED.

Linking Libraries into a DSO

Archive libraries

  shell/iX> cd /APACHE/PUB/hw
  shell/iX> gcc -c -DMPE -D_POSIX_SOURCE -D_SOCKET_SOURCE -DNO_DBM_REWRITEMAP
  -DUSE_HSREGEX -DEAPI -DSHARED_MODULE -I/APACHE/PUB/include hw.c
  shell/iX> ar -rv hw.a hw.o
  ar: creating hw.a
  a - /APACHE/PUB/hw/hw.o
  1 OBJECT FILE HAS BEEN ADDED.
  
  shell/iX> callci linkedit
  HP Link Editor/iX (HP30315A.06.15) Copyright Hewlett-Packard Co 1986
  LinkEd> buildxl xl=./mod_hw.so;limit=5
  LinkEd> addxl from=./mod_hw.o;to=./mod_hw.so;merge;share;rl=./hw.a,/lib/libm.a,
  /lib/libc.a
  1 OBJECT FILE HAS BEEN ADDED.

Shared libraries

  :HELLO MGR.APACHE
  :XEQ SH.HPBIN.SYS -L
  shell/iX> cp /lib/libm.sl XLM
  shell/iX> cp /lib/libc.sl XLC
  shell/iX> callci linkedit
  LinkEd> buildxl xl=./hw/mod_hw.so;limit=10
  LinkEd> addxl from=./hw/mod_hw.o,./hw/hw.o;to=./hw/mod_hw.so;merge;share
  LinkEd> altprog ./HTTPD;cap=ia,ba,ph,pm;xl=XLM,XLC

  LinkEd> listprog ./HTTPD

  PROGRAM        : ./HTTPD
  XL LIST        : XLM XLC
  CAPABILITIES   : BA, IA, PM, PH

  shell/iX> cat xlbuild.sh
  #!/bin/sh
  #
  # set the location of Apache
  AP=/APACHE/PUB
  #
  # create the old libraries
  rm -f ${AP}/XLC ${AP}/XLM ${AP}/XLHW
  #
  # copy the latest versions
  cp /lib/libc.sl ${AP}/XLC
  cp /lib/libm.sl ${AP}/XLM
  #
  #create a custom XL
  callci "xeq linkedit.pub.sys 'buildxl xl=${AP}/XLHW'"
  callci "xeq linkedit.pub.sys 'addxl from=${AP}/hw/hw.a;to=${AP}/XLHW;share;merge'"
  #
  # remove fragmentation and minimize the internal tables
  callci "xeq linkedit.pub.sys 'cleanxl ${AP}/XLHW;compact'"
  #
  # Relink Apache with the new NMXL list
  callci "xeq linkedit.pub.sys \
    'altprog ${AP}/HTTPD;cap=ia,ba,ph,pm;xl=\"${AP}/XLHW,${AP}/XLM,${AP}/XLC\"'"

Configuring Apache Modules

Manual Configuration

  :HELLO MGR.APACHE
  :XEQ SH.HPBIN.SYS -L
  shell/iX> cp hw/mod_hw.so libexec/mod_hw.so
  shell/iX> vi conf/httpd.conf
  ...
  # Note: The order is whch modules are loaded is important.
  # Don't change the order below without expert advice
  #
  # Example:
  # LoadModule foo_module libexec/mod_foo.so
  # LoadModule example_module libexec/mod_example.so
  LoadModule hw_module libexec/mod_hw.so
  ...
  AddModule mod_cern_meta.c
  AddModule mod_expires.c
  AddModule mod_headers.c
  AddModule mod_usertrack.c
  #AddModule mod_example.c
  AddModule mod_jw.c
  AddModule mod_unique_id.c
  AddModule mod_so.c
  AddModule mod_setenvif.c
  ...

  ...
  <IfModule mod_hw.c>
    <Location /hw>
      SetHandler hw-handler
    </Location>
  </IfModule>
  ...

APXS Configuration

  :HELLO MGR.APACHE
  :XEQ SH.HPBIN.SYS -L
  shell/iX> cd hw
  shell/iX> make install
  /APACHE/PUB/bin/apxs -i -a -n 'hw' mod_hw.so
  cp mod_hw.so /APACHE/PUB/libexec/mod_hw.so
  chmod 755 /APACHE/PUB/libexec/mod_hw.so
  [activating module `hw' in /APACHE/PUB/conf/httpd.conf]

Testing a DSO

  shell/iX> cd /APACHE/PUB/logs
  shell/iX> kill -HUP `cat ./httpd.pid`

  kill -TERM 'cat httpd.pid`;callci stream ../JHTTPD

  Hello World!
  The result of 12.00**2.00 is 144.00