A pathname that begins with the root directory, such as
/SYS/PUB/TDP. See also pathname and relative
pathname.
access control definition (ACD)
Security feature that controls access to files and directories.
Consists of a list of access permissions and user specifications. (For
example, R,W,X:@.PAYROLL gives all users in the PAYROLL
account read, write, and execute access to the file or directory that is
assigned this ACD.) ACDs are applied to files or directories by using the
ALTSEC command. By default, all files existing outside the
traditional MPE account/group structure and all directories are assigned
ACDs when they are created.
access mode
A type of access permitted to a file, such as write,
read, or execute access.
appropriate privilege
Having sufficient capabilities to perform an operation on MPE/iX. SM
capability always provides appropriate privilege to system
administrators.
archiving
Storing infrequently used or out-of-date files onto tape and
permanently removing them from the system disks at the same time.
The technique of using an asterisk (*) before a formal file designator
to indicate that it has been previously defined during the current
session or job with the FILE command.
backup
The process that duplicates computer data to offline media, such as a
magnetic tape. Backups protect data if a system problem should
occur.
backup devices
System peripherals that allow you to write information
to, and read information from, backup media.
HFS filenames can be saved in uppercase or lowercase letters. The file
named ./FILE1 does not refer to the same file as
./file1 or ./File1.
character
A letter, number , or symbol represented by one byte of data.
character set
A series of characters to substitute for a single
character to name a group of files.
command
A system-reserved word that directs the operating system, a subsystem,
or a utility program to perform a specific operation.
compatibility mode(CM)
Compatibility mode provides object code compatibility between MPE
V/E-based systems and the 900 Series HP 3000. Compatibility mode allows
current Hewlett-Packard customers to move applications and data to the
900 Series HP 3000 without changes or recompilation.
concurrent backup devices
A set of multiple, concurrently accessible backup devices to which you
are able to store information simultaneously.
consecutive backup devices
A set of multiple backup devices used for a given tapeset to which you
are able to store information sequentially.
console
See system console.
current working directory
The directory in which you are working and from which relative
pathnames are resolved. See also directory and relative
pathname.
Digital Audio Tape. A data storage media used by
the HP 1300H DDS-format device.
data compression
The use of data compression algorithms on the host system to reduce
the amount of data transferred to the output device.
database
An integrated collection of logically related data
files and the structural information about the data.
DDS
Digital Data Storage. A format for storing computer
data on DAT cassettes.
device
See peripheral.
device class
A collection of devices that have some user-defined
relation. The MPE/iX file system supports a means of maintaining
collections of devices but is cognizant of the relation only for
certain MPE device class names.
device pool
A series of identical backup devices.
device type
Device types are defined by a number. For example,
0 represents a moving-head disk and 16 is the class type number
assigned to line printers.
directory
A special kind of file that contains entries that
point to other files. It acts like a container for files and other
directories. On MPE/iX, accounts and groups are special types of
directories.
disk
A circular plate of magnetically coated material used to store
computer data. A disk may be fixed, removable, hard, or flexible.
dot (.)
Convention that signifies the current working directory in HFS syntax.
See also current working directory and HFS syntax.
dot-dot (..)
Convention that signifies the parent directory in HFS syntax. See also
current working directory and HFS syntax.
dot-slash (./)
A convention that you can use to refer to a file using HFS syntax in
your current working directory. For example, ./myfile.old refers
to the file myfile.old in your current directory.
Messages describing errors occurring during either
an interactive session or a batch job. The messages are reported
to the standard list device, which is usually a terminal (for a
session) or a line printer (for a job).
An object that can be written to, read from, or
both. A file has certain attributes including access permissions
and file type. A group of related records that represents ASCII
text (text files) or binary data (such as executable code). Every
file must have a filename so that the user can access the file's
contents.
file equation
A method of equating a filename to a device or another file. The
MPE/iX FILE command is used to establish the relationship of the
file to the device. Generally used to direct the input to or output from
a program, job, or session to a particular device by referencing the
device class, such as TAPE or LP.
file owner
The person who has complete access to a file unless the user is
restricted by a $OWNER ACD entry. The $OWNER ACD entry
can restrict the file access of the file owner. The file owner is similar
to the file creator. The command LISTFILE filename -3 displays
the fully qualified user ID (user.account) of the file
owner.
filename
A name of a file that can be in MPE syntax (FILE.GRP.ACCT) or
HFS syntax (/ACCT/GRP/FILE1). Each syntax has different
restrictions on filename length and the characters that can compose the
name. See also MPE syntax and HFS syntax.
For POSIX compatibility, refers to a group of related
users. This is distinct from MPE groups, which are special types
of directories existing directly below accounts.
group ID (GID)
A number that determines group access privileges.
(On MPE/iX, it is actually the string @.account).
group ID database
A system database that contains the group name,
group ID, and user names for all groups.
Expanded MPE/iX syntax that is case sensitive and allows users to
address multiple levels in the hierarchical file system. A name beginning
with "./" or "/" automatically signifies HFS syntax to MPE/iX.
Some additional rules are as follows:
Names of directories directly under root or under an account may
have up to 16 characters.
Names of directories or files not directly under the root or a
group can be up to 255 characters.
Names of directories and files can contain the following special
characters: hyphen (-), dot (.), or slash (/)
hierarchical file system (HFS)
A file system that is tree structured and can contain files at many
different levels. This file organization is obtained through the use of
directories, which can contain files and other directories.
A data transmission error between a computer and
peripheral. Examples of I/O errors are baud rate or parity mismatch,
and incorrect syntax in device-control instructions.
indirect file
A text file containing the parameters for a STORE or
RESTORE command that you execute regularly.
input
The data to be processed, or the process of transferring
data from external storage to the computer.
input/output (I/O)
The process of, or equipment used in, transmitting
information to or from the computer.
interleave
A method of writing data to a disk device for the
purpose of improving data access speed.
Devices capable of storing data, such as disks or magnetic
tape.
media name
The name of the media set to make available for use by TurboSTORE/XL
II. The media name is the name assigned during the STORE
operation.
media sub-name
The name of the surface within the media set to use. The media
sub-name is the sub-name assigned during the STORE
operation.
mounting
The act of making a data storage device accessible. To physically
mount the device, you load the media onto the device. To logically mount
the device, you tell the operating system which device you want to use,
and it allows you access to that device.
MPE syntax
Rules that determine the filename length, special characters, and
conditions for files, groups, and accounts. Account, group, and filenames
can be up to 8 characters. Characters are always converted up uppercase.
Characters must be alphanumeric. This is the syntax current MPE/iX users
are used to using (for example, LEDGER.PUB.SYS).
MPE/iX
Multi-programming executive with intetrated Posix:
The operating system for 900 Series HP 3000 computers. MPE/iX manages
all system resources and coordinates the execution of all programs
running on the system.
Online backup means that the STORE fileset and structures are
accessible for any access while the backup is taking place. Any
modifications made to the STORE fileset during the backup are logged and
saved along with the data on the backup medium. On RESTORE, the data and
log file are used to recover the data to a consistent state.
output
Data transferred from internal to secondary (external) storage in a
computer. Also, the process of transferring information from the computer
to a peripheral device.
A set of backup devices to which you are able to
store information simultaneously.
parameter
A value in a list of values that is passed to a procedure. The
parameter is used on calculations or operations in the procedure.
parent directory
A directory that contains other directories.
pathname
A way of identifying the path to any MPE/iX file. For example, you can
refer to FILE1.PUB.SYS using the pathname
/SYS/PUB/FILE1. Notice that pathnames are top- down rather than
bottom-up as MPE syntax.
peripheral
A hardware device attached to and controlled by a computer, such as a
terminal, a tape or disk drive, or a printer.
POSIX
Portable Operating System Interface. A set of standards
that address various areas of operating system technology. The POSIX
standards describe functions of an operating system interface that
applications use to become "POSIX- compliant." The main point of
POSIX is to facilitate software portability and minimize porting
costs.
purge
To delete a permanent file from the system with the PURGE
command. The PURGE command is also used to delete an account
structure entry such as a user name, a group name, or an account.
A pathname that is interpreted from the current working directory. For
example, ./dir1/longfilename refers to the file
longfilename in directory dir1 in the current working
directory.
required parameter
A parameter that is required when entering a command or calling an
intrinsic. In reference manuals, required parameters are surrounded by
braces ({}).
restore
The process of retrieving user files from SYSGEN (MPE/iX), SYSDUMP
(MPE V/E), and STORE tapes or serial disk and writing them to disk.
Restoring is executed with the RESTORE command.
root directory
Also called (and designated by) a slash or /. It is a system
directory; all files, accounts, groups, and directories connect back to
the root directory. All accounts on MPE/iX are direct descendants of the
root directory.
Used tapes containing information that is no longer needed.
sequential
A manner in which information may be read from or
written to a device. Sequentially accessed files are stored in such
a way that the logical order of the file's record is identical to
their physical layout on disk or tape.
shadow logging
A method of saving the "before" images of file blocks
when the records in the file block are modified during online backup.
The before images are stored on tape and are used by RESTORE to
reconstruct the original contents of the file.
slash (/)
Another name for the root directory. See also root
directory.
storage device
A device (such as a disk pack, a disk cartridge, a flexible disk,
magnetic tape, or cartridge tape), onto which data can be stored and
subsequently retrieved.
subdirectory
A directory that is contained within another directory
is sometimes referred to as a subdirectory.
sync point
The point in time the backup occurs, where all files
are synchronized. It can occur at different times, depending on
the type of backup performed. You can schedule when the sync point
occurs by scheduling when the backup job is launched.
system
A group of one or more CPUs that communicate through
buses without the use of data communications software.
system console
1)A workstation given a unique status by the operating
system. It is used by the operator to execute specific commands
for the purpose of managing sessions, jobs, and system resources.
It is associated with all boot or system loader error messages, system
error messages, and certain system status messages.
2)The terminal, usually logical device 20, that the system operator uses
to monitor system activity, respond to resource requests, and send
messages to user's terminals. The console (and its associated privileges
and responsibilities) may be transferred to another logical device
with the CONSOLE command.
system file directory
A directory maintained by MPE that records the name, group, and
account of each permanent file on the system. The directory contains the
size of each file, its location on the disk, who may access it, and other
information.
system manager
The person who manages the computer installation,
responsible for creating accounts and assigning capabilities and
resource-use limits to each.
A printed message at the console asking for a backup
device to be assigned to a user.
transport backup
Transport refers to the movement of files between MPE V/E and MPE/iX
systems using backup media. MPE/iX backup and recovery provides a
compatibility option with which an MPE V/E-compatible tape may be
created or read.
true online backup
A tool that allows users to perform application
and system backups without closing files or disrupting users.
Anyone logged on to a session, using a local or remote terminal to
interact with the computer. Each user is identified by a user and account
name, and can access files in the logon group.
utility program
An operating system program that performs specific
functions such as file copying, sorting and merging, memory dump
analysis, or monitoring available disk space.
A volume is one disk. Each volume is a member of a volume set and
contains a volume label, a label table, and a free space map.
volume class
Volume classes are used for the allocation and restriction
of disk space. A volume class is a logical subset or partition within
a volume set and can bridge any number of physical member volumes
of a volume set.
volume set
A volume set is a group of from 1 to 255 related
disks. One volume of the volume set must be designated as the master
volume for the set. Each volume set is assigned a name by which
it is identified and referenced.
A symbol that is used to replace a character or set of characters.
In MPE, the "at sign" (@), the "pound sign"(#), and the question mark
(?) are used as wildcard characters.
write ring
A plastic ring that fits onto the inner groove of a reel-to-reel tape,
enabling you to write information onto the tape.
write-enable
To remove a disk's write-protection, allowing the
disk to be written upon.
write-protect
To protect stored data so that it cannot be overwritten.
Appendix C Transferring Optical STORE Backups onto Standard Tapes