Glossary

A system-defined name for an input device, usually a terminal.

A system-defined name for the device used to receive the job or session listing. The listing device is usually a printer for batch jobs and a terminal for sessions.

To end a job, a session or a program before its completion. It might be caused by an error or a malfunction, or by a command that requests it. See also delete.

A key or sequence of keys that provides a fast (accelerated) method of access to a particular function. For example, the underlined character in each HP Easytime/iX menu or menu item is an accelerator.

Codes assigned to accounts and to groups and to users. Access codes regulate who has the ability to read, write, append, lock, save, or execute a given file.

A security mechanism whereby all access control to an object is defined as part of that object. ACDs are more expressive than matrix security since certain accesses can be granted to individual users or groups of users. ACD is a proprietary name for Access Control Lists (ACLs) which will be the key security component of POSIX.

A location on your computer where files are kept. Each account consists of one or more groups. Accounts provide security for your files. Each account has a unique name. A user must give the name of an account in order to log on to the system.

AL capability: A capability given to users that allows them to access files in order to maintain specified files within the account.

AM capability: A capability given to the first user created under the account. Unless specified otherwise, this user has all of the capabilities that the account has and is responsible for creating users and groups. In POSIX terms, the Account Manager can access all files whose file group ID matches their user GID.

The structure that provides organization for the system. It deals with these four elements: accounts, users (who are assigned to accounts), groups, and files.

An HP Easytime/iX menu that provides a list of tasks that can be performed from a particular screen. See also task.

The tape drive that serves as the storage device from which the operating system may be loaded into the computer's main memory. This path is used rarely, such as for a complete reloading of the operating system from the system recovery tape. See also system recovery tape, primary boot path, and boot path.

The standard code for representing character data (seven data bits plus one that can be used for parity). This code was established by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to achieve compatibility between data devices during an exchange of information. It contains 256 characters.

To join all or part of one file to the end of another file.

A computer program that is used for a particular kind of work. Applications include word processing, graphics, database management, and data communication programs. HP Easytime/iX is an application.

A connector on the back of the HP 3000 Series 9X8LX computers. It is internally disabled because it cannot be used simultaneously with the ThinLAN connector.

Characteristic assigned to accounts, users, groups, or files that enables the computer to determine what functions it will or will not allow a user, a group, or an account to perform. Attributes include file access codes and special capabilities.

To store data (files) to tape, in order to have a duplicate. Any user can back up user files by using the STORE command. The system administrator is responsible for backing up the system on a routine basis. This can be done through HP Easytime/iX or by using the MPE/iX commands STORE and FILE.

A technique of referencing a previously defined file. To show backreferencing you must place an asterisk (*) before a formal file designator to indicate that it has been previously defined with the FILE command. For example, in the command STORE @.@.@;*T, the T refers to a device that would have been named as a file in a related file equation, such as FILE T;DEV=TAPE. See also file equation.

A process that copies files from disk to tape for security reasons. Backups protect data in case a file is damaged or accidentally deleted from the system. You can use a backup copy on tape to restore the file to the system disk. If you have no backup copy, the file is lost. Backups can be chosen to duplicate system files, system files plus user files, or only user files modified after a specified date. See system backup.

BA capability: A default capability that is assigned to accounts and users, allowing users to submit batch jobs.

A method of computing that performs a programmed procedure without interaction from a user. A job is a sample of batch processing. When you submit a job, the commands listed in the job file are carried out independently and require no user input. During this time, the user can perform other tasks while the job runs or is waiting to run. See also job.

A method of representing numbers, alphabetic characters, and symbols in digital computers. Binary is a base two number system that uses only two digits, 0's and 1's, to express numbers.

One of the digits used in the binary number system; 0 or 1. The basic unit of representation of information in a computer.

To load the operating system (and subsystems) into the computer's main memory from instructions on a storage device such as a disk or tape.

The storage device and connections by which the operating system is loaded from disk or tape to the computer's main memory. See also alternate boot path and primary boot path.

A combination of eight consecutive bits treated as a unit. A byte represents one letter or number. The size of memory and disk storage is measured in bytes. See also kilobyte.

A file without any formal record structure. Each logical "line" in the file is terminated by the newline (linefeed) character.

A function key label that appears in dialog boxes. Selecting this function key closes the dialog box without performing a task.

A method for determining what commands the account members are allowed to execute. Capabilities are assigned to accounts, groups, and users to provide system security and access to the operating system. Account capabilities are assigned when the account is created.

Carriage control characters affect text elements such as double spacing, vertical line spacing, and page ejects.

A plastic container that holds magnetic tape. Data is stored on this tape when backing up or storing files. See also digital data storage.

The part of a computer system that controls the interpretation and execution of instructions. It contains the control unit and the arithmetic logic unit.

A POSIX.1 function to change read, write and execute access for a file or directory.

A POSIX.1 function to change the ownership and group ID of a file.

A system-reserved word that is an instruction to the computer to perform a specific operation. Three samples of MPE/iX commands are LISTFILE, SHOWME, and STREAM.

A file that contains one or several MPE/iX commands for the purpose of executing them easily. To execute commands that are written in the command file, enter the command file name at the system prompt.

A part of the MPE/iX operating system that reads command lines entered at the terminal; interprets them; determines if they are valid; and, if so, executes them. The CI prompt, called the system prompt, is usually a colon (:). The CI is responsible for prompting, reading command input, command execution, servicing break and error handling and is the MPE equivalent of the POSIX shell.

The method of entering commands directly at the system prompt. It is in contrast to the menu-driven interface of HP Easytime/iX.

A CM program or procedure emits classic 3000 instructions which are emulated or translated to the native instructions set.

The process of changing a program written in a source language (for example, BASIC, C, FORTRAN) into a machine language routine that the computer can understand. The compiled routine is then ready to be loaded into computer storage and run.

A lname delimited by a `/'. typically a component is a directory name, except when it is the last component, where it could also be a file name. "Last" refers to the rightmost component of a POSIX pathname.

A device that accepts information, processes it, and produces an output. A computer usually contains memory, a control unit, arithmetic and logical manipulators, and a means for input and output.

The way in which a computer and peripheral devices are programmed to interact with each other.

A terminal, usually assigned the logical device number 20, given unique status by the operating system. The console is used to boot the system; monitor and manage jobs, sessions, and resources; respond to requests; and communicate with other user terminals. If HP Easytime/iX is enabled, the messages and requests are no longer displayed on the console screen itself, but on the Console Management screen in HP Easytime/iX instead.

An MPE/iX command that can be executed from the control-A prompt (=) at the system console. Three commands that can be entered only at the (=) prompt are: LOGOFF, LOGON, and SHUTDOWN. Three commands that can be entered at either the (=) prompt or the system prompt (:) are: RECALL, REPLY, and ABORTIO.

An ampersand (&) entered as the last character of a command line. A continuation character tells the command interpreter that the command is longer than one line and is continuing onto a second line.

The user who created a file. Only the creator of a file can release or secure it.

The directory (often your logon group) where you are currently located. Moving your CWD has no affect on your file access. It is only a naming shortcut.

A character, such as a flashing rectangle, a blinking line, a solid line or highlighted bar on a terminal screen. The cursor marks your position on the screen.

Factual information or a collection of factual information.

A collection of logically related data files and structural information about the data.

A hardware device for connecting printers, terminals, modems, and other asynchronous devices to the computer.

The activity of searching for and removing errors or malfunctions in a computer system or computer program.

A predefined value or condition that is assumed and used by the operating system if no other value or condition is specified. For example, if you print a file and do not specify the number of copies, you will get one copy. The default number of copies for printing is one.

To remove or eliminate a file (or print file) from the disk, or to abort a job or session from the system. See also abort.

A special character used to mark the end of a string of characters. Common delimiters are the semicolon (;), the equal sign (=), Return, or the comma (,).

A piece of equipment that can be attached to the computer. For example, terminals, printers, plotters, modems, and disks are all devices. Devices can be used to send or receive information (terminals, printers, plotters) or as additional storage for the computer (disks and tapes). See also peripheral.

A file associated with a nonshareable device such as a tape drive. A spool file is an example of a device file.

A file that is linked to an LDEV number such that opening the device link is identical to opening a device via its LDEV number.

A window that appears on the screen, overlaying a portion of the current display. A dialog box presents information or prompts you for data. It usually contains one or more fields that you can fill in or edit.

A method of recording audio signals digitally on cassette tapes. DAT tapes are not recommended for use on the HP 3000. Using lower-quality DAT media can result in data loss or corruption. See also DDS.

A format that overlays DAT to produce a means of storing computer data on cassette tapes. The HP 3000 Series 9X8LX requires the use of DDS tapes for optimal performance. See also DAT.

A system table defining where groups, users, accounts, and files are located. A directory may also contain information such as file size, creation date, modification dates, creator, or security information.

Removed from normal system use. For example, a terminal is said to be disabled if its normal connection to the system has been removed.

A medium for storing information. On the HP 3000 Series 9X8LX, the disk is inseparable from the disk drive. The first system disk is internal. Additional disk drives, which again include the disks, may be added to the system.

A peripheral device that reads information from and writes information to the disk. This drive may be in the computer box itself, or it may be an external drive in a cabinet.

A copy of the computer's memory onto a storage device. A dump may be used by HP personnel to analyze system problems.

To display on the terminal screen data being typed on the keyboard. If echo is turned off, the computer receives the data but nothing appears on the screen.

A word processing application used to prepare, modify, or delete text and program files. The command EDITOR is the command to start EDIT/3000, which is the text editor that comes with MPE/iX.

The last command in a job file. It must be preceded by a delimiter such as an exclamation point, !EOJ.

A compiled disk file containing all of the specifications for a printed page of data. These specifications, which are not a part of the data, may include the page size, character fonts, and forms to be used in conjunction with the printer.

A report generated by the system describing the step-by-step processing of a job. Each job has an error listing, as well as any particular output of the job.

A notification to a job, session, program, or device that a mistake or malfunction has occurred. Some error messages appear online, and others are printed in an error report on the default printer. The type of error is indicated in the error window (HP Easytime/iX) or in the error report.

A detailed report generated by a system error or an internal error that is printed on the default printer. Use this report to correct the error or to give the information to your Hewlett-Packard representative if you need assistance.

To carry out an instruction in response to a command that is entered or to a menu item that is selected.

A customized tape sent from the factory that contains your system software and subsystem software products. It is a duplicate of the software installed on your system at the time of shipment. It is intended for use only by HP service personnel or trained system managers.

In HP Easytime/iX, an area on the terminal screen where you can view, edit, or enter data.

Refers to the function key F1, which provides information about the current cursor object, such as a menu item or a field in a dialog box. Move the cursor to an object on the screen and press F1 to get help about that object.

A type of file with the property that data is always read and written in a first-in-first-out sequence.

A group of related records stored together with a single name. For example, if you use the MPE/iX editor, EDIT/3000 to create a document, this document is a file. Basically all objects in the HFS are implemented as files.

A method of associating a file name (known as a formal file designator) to a set of characteristics, such as a device class. For example, the equation FILE T;DEV=TAPE establishes the relationship of the file T to a tape device. The file equation is usually paired with a command, such as the STORE command, that refers back to the file name to direct output to that device. See also backreference.

The class of users who are not a file's owner, but match one of the $GROUP,user.account, or @.account ACD subjects. These user GIDs match the GID of the file. In MPE terms they are in the same account as the file.

A label identifying a file. A file name can contain a maximum of eight alphanumeric characters. Each file name must begin with a letter and cannot contain any special characters. In HP Easytime/iX, you assign a file name when you copy or rename a file.

The collection of users who are not file owners nor members of a file's group class. In an ACD pair "@.@" is the file other subject.

The class of users whose UIDs match the owner ID of the file. In MPE terms they are the creator of the file.

The irregular flashing of a front panel light as opposed to pulsing, which is regular.

A special kind of paper to be used in a printer, such as, payroll checks.

An alias file name that is used either programmatically or in a file equation to refer to a file. Formal file designators are not listed in the system file directory.

A method of creating a copy of all user and system files to tape (except for those files in use during the time of backup).

A complete file description that includes the file name, the group to which the file belongs, and the account to which the group belongs. The fully qualified file name of the LETTER file in the PUB group of the SYS account is LETTER.PUB.SYS.

Special keys on the terminal keyboard that are labeled sequentially, F1, F2, F3 ... and correspond to the function key labels that appear at the bottom of the HP Easytime/iX screen. Press a function key to perform the action listed on its corresponding label. Function keys change according to the application that you are using.

The core operating system without any optional subsystems.

A subdivision of an account that is used to organize the account's files. All files must be assigned to a group. Within an account, each group has a unique name. A PUB group is designated for each account when it is created. Additional groups are created within the account, as needed, by the account manager. For the POSIX group definition see file group and GID.

A GID identifies users as members of a file's group class. These users can have unique file access defined for them. POSIX defines a GID as a number. It is simulated as a number in MPE, but the user's account name is currently the basis for security.

GL capability: A capability given to a user that allows special file access modes for the maintenance of certain files within the user's home group.

A method to reset the computer or a terminal. A hard reset erases all information in memory. See also soft reset.

All the physical components of the computer including the central processing unit, tape drives, disk drives, terminals, and other peripherals.

The first page printed when output is directed to a line printer. It contains the session name (if any), session number, logon identification, day of the week, date, and time. It corresponds to the trailer that is printed as the last page of the output.

An online utility providing information on all MPE/iX commands. Information can be accessed by topic areas or by command name. The Help Facility can be accessed by entering HELP at the system prompt.

A base sixteen number system that uses 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F to represent the value.

The MPE/iX directory and file system which allows files and directories to be at an arbitrary level under the root directory. HFS is often used synonymously with POSIX names to indicate that the object is not part of the traditional MPE file, group or account structure.

A specific group of an account. A home group may be assigned to each user. If no other group is specified with the HELLO or JOB command, users are logged on to their home group by default. If no home group is assigned, the user must always specify a group when logging on. The account manager assigns the home group when a user name is first defined.

The computer or computer system that controls terminals and peripherals, such as tape drives.

The name of the POSIX group database file. This is where all account names and their associated GIDs are stored. This file is automatically created when updating to 5.0.

The name of the POSIX user database, where the user.account names and associated UID numbers are stored.

A terminal that fails to respond to normal keyboard entries.

The ability to run a program without explicitly using the MPE/iX RUN command. For example, rather than entering RUN EASYTIME.PUB.SYS, you can simply enter EASYTIME.PUB.SYS or even EASYTIME.

Lights that indicate system or tape drive status. The computer indicator lights are the four horizontal lights at the top of the front panel of the computer.

The software that initializes the boot path and gets the system ready for loading the operating system.

The software that is used to boot the operating system or to perform a memory dump to tape.

The information or data that is entered into the computer.

A number in the range of 1 (lowest priority) to 14 (highest priority) assigned to a job either by the system or by the user. Input priority, which is assigned with the INPRI option in the !JOB command line, must be higher than the system jobfence for a job to run. For the default jobfence value, which is 7, the input priority would likely be 8 (INPRI=8). Jobs with an input priority less than or equal to the system jobfence are deferred or, in HP Easytime/iX, put On Hold.

Input or output. Usually refers to the process, data, or devices used to achieve communication between the computer and an external source.

An interactive session allows users to enter commands and data at the terminal and receive an immediate response.

IA capability: A default capability given to accounts and users to allow users to begin sessions with the HELLO command.

The method of joining computer equipment and peripherals together to allow them to communicate with each other.

The primary disk drive for the computer. For the HP 3000 Series 9X8LX, it is physically located within the computer box itself. It is identified to the system as MPEXL_SYSTEM_VOLUME_SET.

A programming error within a program. A printed report is generated whenever an internal error occurs.

A file containing multiple system and subsystem commands to be processed without user intervention. When a job is started, it executes independently of the user's session. Jobs are used to compile source programs, modify files, or perform other functions that do not require user interaction. See also batch processing and stream.

A file used to define a job to the system. It must start with a JOB command and end with an EOJ command. A special character such as an exclamation point (!) must precede the JOB and EOJ commands.

Name given to each job file when it is defined to the system (created).

A number that identifies the maximum number of jobs allowed to run on the system. The system administrator can restrict system usage by limiting the number of jobs allowed to run on the system. If the job limit is set to 0 (zero), no additional jobs can log on to the system.

A system-assigned identification number given to each job when it is submitted for processing.

A limit established to manage the priority of jobs. If a job has an input priority higher than the jobfence, the job runs. If a job has an input priority less than or equal to the jobfence, the job does not run. The default value for the jobfence is 7. See also input priority.

A device attached to a terminal and used to input data to communicate with the system. It contains alphabet keys similar to those on a typewriter. It also contains number keys, function keys, and other special purpose keys.

A word assigned a specific meaning by the operating system, a subsystem, a computer language, or a utility.

A word that has special meaning and modifies or restricts a command. It may appear in any order in the command line but it must be preceded by a semi-colon (;). The phrase ;PASS=password is an example of a keyword parameter. The user must supply the value for ''password''. See also parameter and positional parameter.

A unit of measurement that describes file size. Each kilobyte (Kbyte) equals 1024 characters. File size in HP Easytime/iX is measured in kilobytes.

A type of printer that prints output one page at a time, using laser technology.

LDEV stands for logical device number. See logical device number.

An editor that processes data one line at a time. In a line editor, you must press Return to end one line of text and to begin another. EDIT/3000 is an example of a line editor.

A type of printer that prints output one line at a time.

A rectangular area displaying a list of objects related to the current HP Easytime/iX function, such as, a list of files. List boxes can also display a list of choices within a dialog box. Every list box contains a scroll bar on the right edge or bottom edge of the list box. Use the scroll keys to browse through the contents of a list box.

A collection of computer equipment interconnected by data communication channels, sharing resources such as printers and disk drives.

A standalone method of terminal operation. A terminal is operating in local mode when it is not connected to the computer. See also remote mode.

A word used as a security device on files. A lockword can be assigned to a file when it is created or renamed, and must be supplied to regain access to the file. The word may be from one to eight alphanumeric characters long and must begin with an alphabetic character.

A method of ending a session with the HP 3000 by using the BYE or EXIT command.

A method of starting a session with the HP 3000 by using the HELLO command. When you log on, you identify yourself to the computer by typing a user name and account name, plus a group name if necessary.

A number assigned to each peripheral of a computer system and used for identification purposes. The console usually has a logical device number of 20. Although LDEV numbers are not usually displayed in HP Easytime/iX, you may see them in console messages.

A security device used to verify users to the system. A logon identity includes a valid user name and account name in the form user.account.

An initial prompt (MPE XL:) that indicates the computer is ready to begin a session. See also prompt and system prompt.

A circular repetition whereby an instruction in a software program leads to another (or others) and then back to the first instruction, which starts the sequence all over.

An HP Easytime/iX menu that provides access to every screen in HP Easytime/iX. You can access the Main menu from the menu bar on any HP Easytime/iX screen.

The user and account from which you can manage disks, devices, and the account structure for your Hewlett-Packard computer. You must log on as MANAGER.SYS to enable HP Easytime/iX as well as to perform other specific tasks that cannot be accomplished from any other account.

A mandatory security mechanism where access is established at the account, MPE group and file levels. Typically, access is more restrictive as you move down from account to group to file. Matrix security allows a System Manager to shut off a certain access to all users by disallowing it at the account level. A released file is emempt from matrix security.

A list of items from which you can choose HP Easytime/iX tasks. Menu names appear on the menu bar in the upper left corner of the screen.

A horizontal bar containing the names of all HP Easytime/iX menus. The menu bar appears directly below the title bar on your screen.

A line on the screen that displays information about what is happening on the system. In HP Easytime/iX, the message line appears at the bottom of your screen directly above the function key labels.

Originally an acronym for modulator/demodulator, a device connected to the computer and to a telephone communication line for the purpose of transferring data (in the form of digital signals) between computer equipment and over common telephone lines.

Multiprogramming Executive with Integrated Posix. The operating system for the 900 Series HP 3000 computers. MPE/iX manages all system resources and coordinates the execution of all programs running on the system.

Native mode execution means that a program or procedure directly calls the machine's native instruction set.

The operating system's XL (executable library). The NL is the final point for binding external procedures.

A software configuration utility used to configure connections through the DTC for the 900 Series HP 3000 computers.

ND capability: A capability assigned to accounts and users. It allows account members to own nonshareable devices. A nonshareable device, such as a terminal, can be used by one user at a time.

A generic term for files, directories, root, MPE groups and accounts.

Pertaining to equipment, devices, or persons who are not in direct communication with the central processing unit of a computer. For example, a printer or tape drive that is not connected (or not switched on) is offline.

Pertaining to equipment, devices, or persons who are in direct communication with the central processing unit of a computer. For example, a printer or tape drive that is connected (and switched on) is online. Online also refers to data stored in memory that is updated as soon as it changes and is, therefore, constantly current and accessible.

A software program that enables the computer to run. It allows the computer to communicate with users, run application programs, and manage system resources. All subsystems run within the operating system. See also MPE/iX.

The logon identity for the user and account from which you work at the console. It is usually assigned OP capability rather than SM capability. With OP capability, you can manage console messages and requests without having the system manager capability of MANAGER.SYS, which has broader powers over the system and should be used cautiously.

A parameter that is not required when entering a command. In MPE/iX reference manuals, optional parameters appear within brackets [ ].

An HP Easytime/iX menu that provides a list of tasks that allow you to set and save HP Easytime/iX settings, such as, the HP Easytime/iX printer.

A value in the range of 1 to 13 used to determine if a job's error listing will print. If the outclass priority is higher than the system outfence value, the error listing will print.

A number in the range of 1 (lowest priority) to 14 (highest priority) used to control access to the system printer. If a job or print file does not have an output priority higher than the system outfence (default 7), its output will not print.

The information or data that results from the computer processing. Output is usually sent to a printer, or to a file for storage or future processing.

A number in the range of 1 (lowest priority) to 13 (highest priority) assigned to an output spool file either by the system (a default value) or by a user. The output priority is used by MPE/iX to determine the order in which files are to be printed.

A method of erasing and replacing an existing file. If a file is saved under a name that already exists on disk, the new file overwrites the existing file.

A method to limit the amount of data appearing on the terminal screen. One full screen is considered a page. This method is in contrast to the scrolling of data.

A value used with a command, which then uses that value in calculations or while operating according to a particular qualification. See also keyword parameter and positional parameter.

A program that evaluates input, such as a string of characters, to see that it follows the rules of syntax.

A tape copy of all user and system files that have been changed since the last full backup. It may be created by using HP Easytime/iX or the MPE/iX STORE command.

A form of security. A password is set with the ;PASS parameter during creation of an account, user, or group. The system uses passwords to verify the identity of a user, group, or account. A user with SM capability can use the LISTACCT command to see account passwords.

The POSIX equivalent to a file name. Pathname can refer to the complete, "fully qualified" name (absolute pathname), or the name relative to your CWD (relative pathname).

To carry out an HP Easytime/iX task by selecting a menu item or function key.

A hardware device that is attached to and controlled by the host computer. Peripherals include terminals, disk drives, and printers. See also device.

A file that is stored on disk and has an entry identifying it in the system directory. To delete a permanent file from the system, use the PURGE command.

A pipe consists of two file descriptors connected such that data written to one can be read by the other in a first-in-first-out sequence.

A word that has special meaning and modifies or restricts a command. Its order in the command line signifies the meaning of the value. A comma serves as a placeholder for positional parameters that are being omitted. In the command line LIMIT ,12, the comma before the 12 is a placeholder for the number of jobs which value is not specified here. See also parameter and keyword parameter.

The disk that serves as the storage medium from which the operating system (plus other system files) is loaded into the computer's main memory. See also alternate boot path.

Files that users have requested for printing, but which have not yet printed. Print files are sorted according to priority (queued) and listed in HP Easytime/iX on the Print File Management screen. See also spool file.

A hardware device used for printing output. Various types of printers are available for use with MPE/iX.

A number assigned by the operating system to a process when the process is created. This number is used with the REPLY command in response to a request, which displays the PIN after the second slash in the request line. It is used most frequently for replies to tape requests.

A sequence of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a specific task.

A person who writes sets of instructions (programs) telling the computer how to perform a specific task.

A character(s) or symbol displayed on the terminal screen indicating that the system is ready for a command. In MPE/iX the default system prompt after logging on is a colon (:). Subsystems have different prompts. See also logon prompt and system prompt.

The public group of an account. Programs and files that are available to all users of the account reside here.

The public group of the system account. Programs and applications that are available to all users of the system reside here.

A regular pulsing of a front panel light —half-second on, half-second off— as opposed to flashing, which is irregular.

A line of jobs waiting to be processed. Jobs waiting in a line (queue) are usually processed on a first in, first out basis or by priority, if specified. For example, the output produced by a program is generally stored on disk in a queue until a printer becomes available. As output from a job is printed, the next job in priority is selected and processed.

A tape that is ready to be written on (and read). The recognition tab on a read-and-write tape should cover the hole so that the hole is closed. See also write-enable.

A tape that is protected from being written to, and that can only be read. The recognition tab on a read-only tape should be to the side of the hole so the hole is open. See also write-protect.

A collection of data treated as a unit and residing in a file. A file consists of one or more records. Each record contains one or more fields which display data related to a specific object. For example, in HP Easytime/iX, each listing of a print file, job, or session is one record.'

A file is released via the :RELEASE command, which disables group and account level security. The inverse operation is performed by the :SECURE command.

A method of terminal operation. A terminal is operating in remote mode when it is sending to and receiving data from a remote (or host) computer. See also local mode.

Messages from the system that require a user response. If HP Easytime/iX is enabled, requests are displayed on the Console Management screen. Requests can also appear when you are performing tasks, such as backing up or storing files on tape.

A parameter that is required when entering a command. In MPE/iX reference manuals, required parameters appear within braces { }.

To bring back files that have been stored on tape (copied from tape to disk) by using the RESTORE command or the task Restore on the File Management screen in HP Easytime/iX.

The origin of the directory structure. Root cannot be protected by an ACD. Object names under root cannot exceed 16 characters in length. Only SM can create objects under root. If a pathname begins at root, it is an absolute pathname.

The execution of a computer program.

To submit or send a job or program to be executed.

SF capability: Assigned to users and accounts allowing users to save the files that they create.

A method of determining when a job will be processed by the computer. Jobs are scheduled by using parameters of the STREAM command.

The terminal display that shows information from the computer. In HP Easytime/iX, each area of management is displayed on a screen (accessible from the Main menu). Through screens you can access information about the current status of the system and perform system management tasks.

A way to roll data up or down on the terminal screen. See the Getting Started HP 3000 Series 9X8LX (B3820-90003) for a list of the scroll keys on your keyboard.

A bar that appears on the right edge and/or bottom edge of a list box indicating the amount of data displayed.

MPE/iX provisions to protect the system from unauthorized use. The most basic level of security includes organizing files into groups and users into accounts, both of which may be assigned a password. Security also refers to the ability to read, write, append, lock, save, and execute files.

In HP Easytime/iX, to choose an object by pressing F3 {{Select}}, Return, or Spacebar.

A sequence of tests that the computer, a terminal, or a printer runs when you turn it on. The self-test checks that the device is working correctly.

An interactive way of communicating with a computer. In a session, commands are entered through the keyboard, and the computer responds by displaying an action or a message on the terminal's screen. You begin a session on the HP 3000 with the HELLO command and end it with the BYE command.

The maximum number of sessions allowed to log on at any given time. This is set with the LIMIT command.

An optional identification method for a session. A session name may be specified when logging on in the form session,user.account.

A system-assigned identification number given to each new session as it is logged on to the system.

A program that serves the purpose of the Command Interpreter, but is POSIX compliant. Currently the shell must be run from the Command Interpreter.

A standard interface for small computers. (The acronym SCSI is pronounced scuzzy.)

See function keys.

A method of resetting a computer or a terminal. A soft reset initializes various functions but does not reset the memory or interrupt pending input/output operations. See also hard reset.

A set of computer instructions. Software programs are concerned with the operation of a computer and provide it with instructions on how to perform specific operations.

A file that is being copied from, as with the COPY command. It is the original file, which is being duplicated. See also target file.

A file on the disk drive that is being stored there temporarily before being sent to an output device, such as a printer. Output spool files can print in turn while the computer continues to be used by other users. In HP Easytime/iX, this file is called a print file. In MPE/iX, spool files (when saved or deferred) are stored in the OUTGROUP of the HPSPOOL account. 136.OUT.HPSPOOL is a sample spool file name, where 136 is a sample spool file identification number.

A program that manages printing on your system. When many users send files to be printed, the spooler program organizes these files according to priority, storing them until they each print in turn.

A method of managing the printing of jobs. Multiple users can send output to a printer, and the output is redirected to spool files on disk. The output is printed on a priority basis as the printer becomes available. Users can proceed with other processing activities without waiting for the printer.

The process of leaving tapes in a new environment for a minimum of two hours before using them, so that they adapt to the new temperature and humidity. This helps avoid problems of condensation.

To save a copy of one or more files on tape by using the MPE/iX STORE command or the task Store on the File Management screen in HP Easytime/iX.

A method of running a batch job. A batch job is begun from a session or a job by using the STREAM command or by using the HP Easytime/iX command Start. Once a job is streamed, it executes as a separate process without any further user input or supervision. See also job.

A streams device is a bi-directional, character oriented connection between a file and typically a device driver.

A command performed under another command. For example, the EDIT/3000 MODIFY command enables you to use the D (delete), I (insert), and R (replace) subcommands.

The target of an ACD rule. For example, :ALTSEC file1: repacd=(R:mgr.test) restricts all users logged on as mgr.test to being granted only read access to FILE1. Mgr.test is the ACD subject.

A system-supported utility or program. The MPE/iX EDIT/3000 is an example of a subsystem.

A file that points to another directory object (e.g., file, group, account, directory, symbolic link). When a symbolic link name is encountered in a pathname it is substituted with its target name.

A set of rules defining the structure of a language, an instruction, or a command.

A special account on the HP 3000 Series 9X8LX that is included with the system when it is first installed. It contains all of the files for system-supported subsystems, utility programs, and compilers.

The process of storing all files on the system (the operating system, subsystems, user files, and system directory) onto an offline media, such as a tape.

See console.

An error that occurs during the call of a system routine. A system error may abort your session of HP Easytime/iX. A printed report is generated whenever a system error occurs.

A system utility that creates system load tapes. It is used during the setting up process for the Series 9X8LX to create a system recovery tape. Only system administrators that have been trained in HP system management tasks should use SYSGEN for any other reason.

SM capability: A capability required for installing the computer, creating accounts, and assigning capabilities and resource limits to each account created.

Another term for central processing unit. SPU does not refer to the system console or any other peripheral devices. See also central processing unit.

Usually a colon (:). See also prompt and system prompt.

The tape that you create after you boot and start the system for the first time. This tape should be stored safely in case of damage to the operating system, the subsystems, and add-on programs that you customize during installation. The procedure for using it to recover a system should be performed only by HP personnel or a trained system manager.

A program that examines the connections made during the setup of the HP 3000 Series 9X8LX.

Files defined by MPE/iX and made available to all users. They indicate standard input or output devices, special temporary files, and files opened for output that do not perform an actual write operation.

A medium for storing information. The computer reads and writes from tapes inserted in a tape drive.

A hardware device used to store and restore data from disk to tape and from tape back to disk. Your computer has a tape drive built into the same box as the computer.

A file that is being copied to, as with the COPY command. It is the duplicate file, which is a copy of the source or original file. See also source file.

A specific operation that is performed by selecting an HP Easytime/iX menu item or function key. Also used as the general term for performing an action on the computer with one or more MPE/iX commands. Copying a file is a sample of a task.

A file that exists only for the duration of a session or job. There is no entry in the system directory for a temporary file.

A hardware device consisting of a keyboard and a display screen. It is used for entering data to and receiving data from the computer.

The first line displayed on an HP Easytime/iX screen (or dialog box). It tells you your current location.

The last page printed when output is directed to a line printer. It contains the session name (if specified), session number, log on identification, day of the week, date, and time. It corresponds to the header printed as the first page of a document.

To cut off or shorten data. If too many characters appear on a line, they may not all be recognized by the system or printed as output. To avoid a long command line from being truncated, use the ampersand character (&).

A file system module responsible for handling all file system operations for a particular type of file. Operations include: read, write, control, close, etc.

A backup that is not only scheduled to be performed at a specific time but also does not require user response to the tape request necessary for the backup. The tape drive used in this backup must be configured with the AUTOREPLY mode. Only trained system managers should configure the system and its devices.

A person logged on to the computer. Each user is identified by a user name and account name.

A user command is a user-defined command (UDC) or a command file created to execute one or more MPE/iX commands. See also command file.

A collection of one or more Command Interpreter (CI) commands given a name, which must begin the first line of the UDC. One or more individual UDCs are placed in the same file, which is "catalogued" by the :SETCATALOG command. The CI searches for UDCs before built-in commands and command files.

An error that occurs during the normal operation of the computer and that is generated by the user doing something incorrectly.

A unique identification for every user on the system. POSIX implements this as a number. MPE/iX currently maintains both a number in the HPUID.PUB.SYS database for use by POSIX applications (and process signals),and a string ID in the form of user.account for all other needs.

A header specified in a special text file that lists one or more MPE/iX commands. When this UDC file is cataloged, the header(s) in it can be entered at the system prompt and the associated MPE/iX commands will execute.

A system program that performs specific functions such as copying files, sorting or merging data, analyzing a memory dump, or monitoring available disk space.

An HP Easytime/iX menu that allows you to display and sort objects on the screen.

A term for disk. Volume (disk) management is an advanced concept that is concerned with organizing the storage on disk of system, subsystem, and user files.

A group of related disks. MPE/iX requires that the system volume set, MPEXL_SYSTEM_VOLUME_SET be present on the system in order to boot and run the system. For the HP 3000 Series 9X8LX, this system volume set is defined for the internal disk before shipment.

Volume Utility: A subsystem that provides for the management of volume sets (disk drives).

A message sent from the system console to all users. A warn message interrupts all sessions on the system.

A message created to appear each time a user logs on to the system. It usually contains a greeting and important system information.

Special characters that are used to replace a character or set of characters. Traditional MPE wildcard characters are: "@" - match zero or more of any legal character, "?" - match a single legal character, and "#" - match a single numeric character. POSIX syntax expands the range of legal characters to include lowercase, "_", "." and "-". A range or group of characters is expressed as "[abc]", or "[a-c]", which both indicate to match the letters "a", "b" or "c".

An HP Easytime/iX term that refers to rectangular work areas through which you can perform tasks and manage your system. The two kinds of windows in HP Easytime/iX are screens (accessed from the Main menu) and dialog boxes. See also dialog box.

A term used for 32 bits (4 bytes) of information on MPE/iX operating systems.

A utility program that supports the creation, change, or deletion of letters, memos, reports, and other written documents.

A method of allowing information to be written onto a tape. See also read-and-write tape.

A method of preventing information from being erased from a tape or being added to the tape. See also read-only tape.