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As Figure 2-5 points out, running the C preprocessor in full
preprocessing mode creates the following output files: Also, a module is stored in the DBEnvironment specified in the
preprocessor invocation line. Each of these is described in the following
sections. Modified Source File | |
As the C preprocessor parses
the source file, it copies lines from it
and any include files into the modified source file, inserts
conditional compiler directives around the
embedded SQL commands, and inserts information around each embedded
SQL command. The default modified source file name is SQLOUT. Figure 2-9 illustrates the modified
source file generated for the source file pictured in Figure 1-8. The
shaded lines contain information
generated by the C preprocessor. In both preprocessing modes, the C preprocessor: Inserts conditional compiler directives
around embedded SQL commands
to conditionally ignore the SQL commands.
Inserts three #INCLUDE C compiler directives within the
Declaration part. These directives reference the three
preprocessor generated include files. These files are
included at the beginning of the modified source file
created by the preprocessor.
Places comments on the line with an embedded command
following the last line the embedded command generates.
Note, for example, that the comment
following the EXEC SQL INCLUDE SQLCA command in the source file is in the same
column, but on a different line, in the modified source file.
In full preprocessing mode, the preprocessor also: Generates a C declaration of the sqlca and the sqlda
in the type include file.
Generates C statements providing conditional instructions
following SQL commands encountered after one of the following
SQL commands: WHENEVER SQLERROR, WHENEVER SQLWARNING, and
WHENEVER NOT FOUND.
Generates C statements that
call ALLBASE/SQL external procedures at run time.
These calls reference the module
stored by the preprocessor in the DBEnvironment for execution
at run time. Parameters used by these external calls are
defined in the variable and type include files.
| | | |  | CAUTION:
Although you can access the preprocessor output files
with an editor, you should never
change the information generated
by the C preprocessor. Your
DBEnvironment or your system could be damaged at
run time if preprocessor generated constructs are altered. | | | | |
If you
change non-preprocessor-generated
constructs, make the changes to
the source file, re-preprocess it, and re-compile
the output files before putting the application program into
production. Include Files | |
There are three include files, which contain declarations and
definitions
used by the C functions created by the preprocessor and inserted into
the modified source code file: type include file: the name for this file, which contains type
declarations, is: variable include file: the name for this file, which contains
variable declarations, is:
externals include file: the name for this file, which contains
external procedure declarations, is:
The sqlmodulename and ownername of sections are defined as global static
variables in SQLVAR. It is advised that multiple source file applications
be preprocessed all at one time so that only one SQLVAR file is generated. If
the source files are preprocessed and compiled separately and combined at link
time, runtime errors occur because the static global sqlmodulename variable
from the first source file preprocessed is used and incorrect sections
are executed. Therefore,
all preprocessed sections in your program must reside in the same file
for input to the C compiler. When you use file equations to redirect the include files, remember that the
preprocessor always inserts the same #INCLUDE directives.
Therefore, insure
that the applicable file equations are in effect when you preprocess and when
you compile. When the preprocessor is invoked, the following file equations must be in
effect:
:FILE SQLTYPE = MYTYPE
:FILE SQLVAR = MYVAR
:FILE SQLEXTN = MYEXTN
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Then when the C compiler is invoked, the following file equations must be
in effect:
:FILE SQLTYPE = MYTYPE
:FILE SQLVAR = MYVAR
:FILE SQLEXTN = MYEXTN
:CC MYSQLPRG, $NEWPASS, $NULL
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ALLBASE/SQL Message File | |
The ALLBASE/SQL message file is named sqlmsg.
Messages placed in sqlmsg when you preprocess come from
the ALLBASE/SQL message catalog.
The default catalog is SQLCT000.PUB.SYS. For native language users,
the name of the catalog is SQLCTxxx.PUB.SYS, where xxx is the
number of the current language.
If this catalog is not available,
ALLBASE/SQL uses the default instead. Sqlmsg messages contain four parts: A banner: For Series 900 systems:
HP36216-02A.E1.02 C preprocessor/3000 ALLBASE/SQL
(C)COPYRIGHT HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,
1989,1990,1991. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Banners are displayed when ISQL, SQLUtil, or a preprocessor is
invoked. A summary of the preprocessor invocation conditions:
DBEnvironment = PARTSDBE.SOMEGRP.SOMEACCT
Module Name = CEX2
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Warnings and errors encountered during preprocessing:
32 SalesPriceInd : SQLID;
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******Unsupported type syntax for host variable. (DBERR 10933)
SELECT PartNumber, PartName, SalesPrice INTO :PartNumber, :PartName,
:SalesPrice :SalesPriceInd FROM PurchDB.Parts WHERE PartNumber =
:PartNumber;
******ALLBASE/SQL query processing errors. (DBERR 10952)
******in SQL statement ending in line 128
***ALLBASE/SQL alignment error on column 3 in buffer 5. (DBERR 4200)
There are errors. No sections stored.
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A summary of the results of preprocessing:
2 ERRORS 0 WARNINGS
END OF PREPROCESSING.
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Both the banner and the preprocessing summary results
are also echoed to the terminal. As illustrated in Figure 2-6, a line number is often provided
in sqlmsg. This line number references
the line in the program source file
containing the command in question. A message accompanied by a
number may also appear. You can
refer to the ALLBASE/SQL Message Manual
for additional information on the
exception condition when these numbered
messages appear. Figure 2-6 Sample sqlmsg Showing Errors
: print sqlmsg
HP36216-02A.E1.02 C preprocessor/3000 ALLBASE/SQL
(C)COPYRIGHT HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,
1989,1990,1991. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
DBEnvironment = PARTSDBE.SOMEGRP.SOMEACCT
Module Name = CEX2
32 SalesPriceInd : SQLID
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****** Unsupported type syntax for host variable. (DBERR 10933)
SELECT PartNumber, PartName, SalesPrice INTO :PartNumber, :PartName,
:SalesPrice :SalesPriceInd FROM PurchDB.Parts WHERE PartNumber=
:PartNumber;
****** ALLBASE/SQL query processing errors. (DBERR 10952)
****** in SQL statement ending in line 128
*** ALLBASE/SQL alignment error on column 3 in buffer 5. (DBERR 4200)
There are errors. No sections stored.
2 ERRORS 0 WARNINGS
END OF PROCESSING.
:
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As Figure 2-7 illustrates, the preprocessor can terminate with
the warning message
****** ALLBASE/SQL warnings. (DBWARN 10602)
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when the name of an object in the source file does not match the
name of any object in the system catalog. Although a section is
stored for the semantically incorrect command, the section is marked
as invalid and will not execute at run time if it cannot be
validated. Figure 2-7 Sample sqlmsg Showing Warning
: ppc cex2,partsdbe,cex2p
HP36216-02A.20.00.00 C preprocessor/3000 ALLBASE/SQL
(C)COPYRIGHT HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,
1989,1990,1991. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
0 ERRORS 1 WARNINGS
END OF PREPROCESSING
: print sqlmsg
HP36216-02A.E1.02 C preprocessor/3000 ALLBASE/SQL
(C)COPYRIGHT HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. 1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,
1989,1990,1991. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
DBEnvironment = PARTSDBE.SOMEGRP.SOMEACCT
Module Name = CEX2
SELECT PartNumber, PartName, SalesPrice INTO :PartNumber, PartName,
:SalesPrice :SalesPriceInd FROM PurchDB.Parts WHERE ParNumber =
:PartNumber;
****** ALLBASE/SQL warnings. (DBWARN 10602)
****** in SQL statement ending in line 128
*** Column PARNUMBER not found. (DBERR 2211)
1 Sections stored in DBEnvironment.
0 ERRORS 1 WARNINGS
END OF PREPROCESSING
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Stored Module Containing Sections | |
In full preprocessing mode, the preprocessor stores a module in the
DBEnvironment you specify at preprocessing time.
By default, the
preprocessor uses the source file name as the name for the module it
stores. You can specify a module name with the MODULE option of the
preprocessor command. The module contains a section for each embedded SQL command in your
program except:
BEGIN DECLARE SECTION INCLUDE
BEGIN WORK OPEN
CLOSE PREPARE
COMMIT WORK RELEASE
CONNECT ROLLBACK WORK
DECLARE CURSOR SAVEPOINT
DELETE WHERE CURRENT START DBE
DESCRIBE STOP DBE
END DECLARE SECTION SQLEXPLAIN
EXECUTE TERMINATE USER
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE UPDATE WHERE CURRENT
FETCH WHENEVER
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The commands listed above either require no authorization to execute
or are executed based on information
contained in the compilable preprocessor
output files. When the preprocessor stores a section,
it actually stores what
are known as an input tree and a run tree. The input tree
consists of the uncompiled command. The
run tree is the compiled, executable form of the
command.
If at run time a section is valid, ALLBASE/SQL executes the
appropriate run tree when the SQL command is
encountered in the application program. If a section
is invalid, ALLBASE/SQL determines whether the objects referenced
in the section exist and whether current authorization criteria
are satisfied. When an invalid section can be validated, ALLBASE/SQL
dynamically
recompiles the input tree to create an executable run tree and
executes the command. When a section cannot be validated,
the command is not executed, and an error condition is returned
to the program. There are three types of sections: Sections for executing the SELECT command associated with
a DECLARE CURSOR command.
Sections for executing the SELECT command associated with
a CREATE VIEW command.
Sections for all other commands for which the preprocessor
stores a section.
Figure 2-8 illustrates the kind of information in the
system catalog. All stored sections for each module in the
DBEnvironment are referenced here. The query result
illustrated was extracted from the system view
named SYSTEM.SECTION by using ISQL.
The columns in Figure 2-8 have the following meanings: NAME: This column contains the name of the module
to which a section belongs. You can specify a module name when you
invoke the preprocessor; or
the module name will default to
the source code file name of the C program.
If you are supplying a module name in a native language other
than
NATIVE-3000
(ASCII), be sure it is in the same language
as that of the DBEnvironment.
OWNER: This column identifies the owner of the module.
You can specify an owner name when you invoke the preprocessor,or the
owner name will default to the
login name associated with the preprocessing
session.
If you are supplying an owner name in a native language other
than
NATIVE-3000
(ASCII), be sure it is in the same language
as that of the DBEnvironment. DBEFILESET: This column indicates the DBEFileSet which contains
the DBEFile(s) which in turn contains the section(s).
SECTION: This column gives the section number. Each section
associated with a module is assigned a number by the preprocessor as
it parses the related SQL command at preprocessing time.
TYPE: This column identifies the type of section:
1 = SELECT associated with a cursor
2 = SELECT defining a view
0 = All other sections
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VALID: This column identifies whether a section is
valid or invalid:
Figure 2-8 Information in SYSTEM.SECTION on Stored Sections
isql=> SELECT NAME,OWNER,DBEFILESET,SECTION,TYPE,VALID FROM SYSTEM.SECTION;
SELECT NAME,OWNER,DBEFILESET,SECTION,TYPE,VALID FROM SYSTEM.SECTION;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME |OWNER |DBEFILESET |SECTION |TYPE |VALID
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
COLUMN |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
INDEX |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
SECTION |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
DBEFILESET |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
DBEFILE |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
SPECAUTH |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
TABAUTH |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
COLAUTH |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
MODAUTH |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
GROUP |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
VIEWDEF |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
HASH |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
CONSTRAINT |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
CONSTRAINTCOL |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
CONSTRAINTINDEX |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
COLDEFAULT |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
TEMPSPACE |SYSTEM |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
PARTINFO |PURCHDB |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
VENDORSTATISTICS |PURCHDB |SYSTEM | 0| 2| 0
CEX2 |PGMR1@ACCT2 |SYSTEM | 1| 0| 1
CEX7 |PGMR1@ACCT2 |SYSTEM | 1| 1| 1
CEX7 |PGMR1@ACCT2 |SYSTEM | 2| 0| 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of rows selected is 16.
U[p], d[own], l[eft], r[ight], t[op], b[ottom], pr[int] <n>,or e[nd]>
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The first eleven rows in the query result
shown in Figure 2-8
describe the sections stored for the system views.
The next two rows describe
the two views in the sample database: PurchDB.PartInfo and
PurchDB.VendorStatistics. Views are always stored as invalid
sections, because the run tree is always generated at run time. The remaining rows describe sections associated
with two preprocessed programs. CEX2 contains only one section,
for executing the SELECT command
in the program illustrated in Figure 2-9.
CEX7 contains
two sections, one for executing the SELECT command associated with
a DECLARE CURSOR command and one for executing a FETCH command. Stored sections remain in the DBEnvironment until they are
deleted by using the ISQL DROP MODULE command:
or by invoking the preprocessor with the DROP option:
: RUN PSQLC.PUB.SYS;INFO="PARTSDBE (DROP)"
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Stored sections are marked invalid when: The UPDATE STATISTICS command is executed.
Tables accessed in the program are dropped, altered,
or assigned new owners.
Indexes or DBEFileSets related to tables accessed in the
program are changed.
Module owner authorization changes are made that affect
the execution of embedded commands.
When an invalid section is validated at run time, the validated
section is committed when the program issues a COMMIT
WORK command. If a
COMMIT WORK command is not executed,
ALLBASE/SQL must re-validate the section again the next
time the program is executed.
For this reason, you should embed COMMIT WORK commands even
following SELECT commands, since the COMMIT WORK command
may be needed even when data is not changed by a program. Installable Module File | |
When the preprocessor stores a module in the
DBEnvironment you named at preprocessing
time, it places a copy of the module in an installable module file.
The module
in this file can be installed into a DBEnvironment different
from the DBEnvironment accessed at preprocessing time by
using the INSTALL command in ISQL.
In order to install the module, you need CONNECT
or DBA authority in the target DBEnvironment. The installable module file is named
SQLMOD. The module also has an internal, SQL
name, in this case
PGMR1@ACCT2.CEX2
which is saved as part of the module at
preprocessing time.
PGMR1@ACCT2
is the login of the user who preprocessed
source file cex2, and
PGMR1@ACCT2
is the owner of the module.
: isql
isql=> CONNECT TO 'PARTSDBE.SOMEGRP.SOMEACCT';
isql=> INSTALL;
File name> SQLMOD;
Name of module in this file: PGMR1@ACCT2.CEX2
Number of sections installed: 1
COMMIT WORK to save to DBEnvironment.
isql=> COMMIT WORK;
isql=>
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