glossary

An identifier defined and used by a particular protocol and associated software to distinguish one node from another.

In NS networks, the mapping of node names to IP addresses and the mapping of IP addresses to subnet addresses. See also probe protocol, ARP.

A character string that is used as an alternate name for a protocol or a node.

Address Resolution Protocol. ARP provides IP to LAN station address resolution for Ethernet nodes on a LAN.

Advanced Research Projects Agency.

The computer network of the Advanced Research Projects Agency.

American National Standard Code for Information Interchange. A character set using 7-bit code used for information interchange among data processing and data communications systems. The American implementation of International Alphabet No. 5.

Data transfer scheme in which no special character processing is performed. All characters are considered to be data and are passed through with no control actions being taken.

A system call that assigns a specific name and unique address to a socket, turning a socket (which is one end-point of the connection) into an actual file. Binding allows servers to register well-known addresses with the system and each client to register a specific address for itself. See also socket and well-known addresses.

Internet Boot Protocol (BOOTP) used to start, or boot, LAN devices such as routers, printers, X-terminals, and diskless workstations.

The configuration file for the Bootstrap protocol daemon, bootpd, that contains client and relay information.

A node on the internetwork that asks to use one of the Internet Services on the host. For example, a Telnet client is the process that uses Telnet protocol to establish a virtual terminal on your system.

A process that either waits for the occurrence of an event or waits to perform some specificied task on a periodic basis. Daemons are typically started once, on system startup, and they frequently start other processes to handle service requests. The Internet daemon inetd is a good example of such a process.

A message consisting of content and all of the information needed to deliver the content between one system and another. Datagrams are sent using the User Datagram Protocol, or UDP. See also UDP.

A connectionless service that transmits messages, or datagrams, from one system to another. Because datagrams are transmitted without relying on a pre-established network connection (hence the term connectionless), each datagram must contain all the information required for its delivery. The protocol associated with datagram service is UDP, or User Datagram Protocol. See also datagram, protocol, and UDP.

Data circuit-terminating equipment. The interfacing equipment required in order to interface to data terminal equipment (DTE) and its transmission circuit. Synonyms: data communications equipment, dataset.

A name designated for a system in ARPANET standard format. This name can be used by other nodes on the network to access the host for which it is configured.

Datacommunications and Terminal Controller. The DTC is a hardware device, configured as a node on a LAN, that enables asynchronous devices to access HP 3000 Series 900 computers. Terminals can either be directly connected to the DTC, or they can be remotely connected through a Packet Assembler Disassembler (PAD). The DTC can be configured with DTC/X.25 Network Access cards and DTC/X.25 Network Access software. A DTC/X.25 iX Network Link consists of two software modules: the X.25 iX System Access software (running on the host) and the DTC/X.25 Network Access software (running on the DTC).

An HP product providing Telnet connections from HP 9000 and non-HP systems running ARPA standard Telnet services to the HP 3000. The solution includes a Telnet Access Card (TAC) that resides in the DTC 72MX or DTC 48 and provides protocol conversion between Telnet and Avesta Flow Control Protocol (AFCP). Equivalent functionality is provided by a separate product, the Telnet Express Box (TEB).

Data Terminal Equipment. Equipment that converts user information into data transmission signals or reconverts received data signals into user information. Data terminal equipment operations in conjunction with data circuit-terminating equipment.

A session that is established on a remote node.

A Local Area Network system that uses baseband transmission at 10 Mbps over coaxial cable. Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation.

An assignment statement that is used to associate a file with a specific device or type of device during execution of a program.

A means of regulating the rate at which data transfer takes place between devices to protect against data overruns.

File Transfer Protocol. The Internet Services protocol that facilitates the transfer of files between systems. Originally developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

A computer on which network communications software resides, and which is currently providing a service to a requesting client.

The host name data base file which associates Internet addresses with official host names and aliases.

A standard for a broadcast local area network published by the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This standard is used for both the ThinLAN and ThickLAN implementations of the Local Area Network (LAN).

The Internet server that allows one daemon to invoke many servers, thus reducing load on the system. Normally started at system boot time, only one inetd can run at any given time.

The configuration file for the Internet daemon inetd, which determines which installed Internet Services are available to users.

The optional security file for inetd, which lets you control access to individual services to specific accounts, groups, or users.

An aggregation of computer systems and other types of computing equipment that share information according to a set of defined communications protocols. Local networks, such as all computer systems linked together within a company, are typically linked to other local networks via the Internet. Or, individual systems which are not part of a local network, such as a personal computer or a standalone business computing system, can exchange information via the Internet if they are equipped with the appropriate communications software and hardware.

A set of rules used to route information between different local networks in an internetwork, as well as among nodes in the same local network. The internet protocol corresponds to layer three, the network layer, of the OSI model. See also IP address.

See Internet Protocol.

Internet Protocol address. An address used by the Internet Protocol to correctly route information. A complete IP address comprises a network portion and a subnet portion to identify a specific network, and a node portion to identify a node within that network.

The host system you are currently working from.

Same as host system.

The routing of messages from a node back to itself.

The set of possible names allowed in a given environment. The POSIX name space, which follows hierarchical file system syntax (i.e., \sys\pub\myfile) is distinct from the MPE/iX name space, which follows MPE naming rules (i.e., MYFILE.PUB.SYS).

Either the network portion of an IP address (as opposed to the node portion) or a node's X.25 address when referring to X.25 networks.

A file containing information required for one node to communicate with other nodes in 1) an internetwork, 2) an X.25 network, or 3) a network that contains non-HP nodes. The active network directory on a node must be named NSDIR.NET.SYS.

The collection of software that enables data communication between a system and a network. A node possesses one or more network interfaces for each of the networks to which it belongs. Examples of network interfaces include Local Area Networks (LANs), point-to-point (router), X.25, token ring, SNA, loopback, and gateway half. The maximum number of supportable network interfaces is 12, one of which is reserved for loopback.

Software application products that can be used to access data, initiate processes, and exchange information among nodes in the network. The NS 3000/iX Network Services include RPM, VT, RFA, RDBA, and NFT.

See Network Interface.

The file that contains all the network configuration data for the HP 3000 Series 900 computer on which it resides. It includes information about the clients that can access the system as well as information about any Network Services (NS) products running on the system. This is the only file name allowed.

Node Management services MAINTenance utility. A utility that lists the software module version numbers for all HP AdvanceNet products, including NS 3000/iX. It detects missing or invalid software modules.

Node Management Services Configuration Manager. A software subsystem that enables you to configure network connectivity and access parameters for an HP 3000 Series 900 computer.

Node management services conversion utility. A conversion program that converts configuration files created with NMMGR from an earlier version to the latest format.

A computer that is part of a network. The DTC, or Datacommunications and Terminal Controller that enables asynchronous devices to access the HP 3000, is also considered to be a node and has its own address.

The node portion of an Internet Protocol (IP) address.

See NMMGR.

A character string that uniquely identifies each system in a network or internetwork. Each node name in a network or internetwork must be unique; however, a single node can be identified by more than one node name.

See Network Services.

Software and hardware that provides the connection between nodes on a network. Some of the NS 3000/iX links available are the ThinLAN 3000/iX Link and its ThickLAN option, the DTC/X.25 iX Network Link, and the NS Point-to-Point 3000/iX Link.

Software applications that can be used to access data, initiate processes, and exchange information among nodes in a network. The services are RPM, VT, RFA, RDBA, and NFT.

The name of the active network directory file. See also network directory.

Encapsulated messages transmitted across a network or an internetwork.

A capability assigned to accounts, groups, or users allowing unrestricted memory access, access to privileged CPU instructions, and the ability to call privileged procedures.

An HP protocol used by NS 3000/iX IEEE 802.3 networks to get information about other nodes on the network. It resolves names to IP addresses, and resolves IP addresses to IEEE 802.3 addresses.

A single instance of a program that is being executed by the operating system, also known as a task.

A set of rules that enables two or more data processing entities to exchange information. In networks, protocols are the rules and conventions that govern each layer of network architecture. They define what functions are performed and how messages are exchanged.

The protocols file, described above.

A file that contains a list of protocols known to the system, plus the identification number and one or more aliases for each. See also protocol.

Using one node on an internetwork to pass information through to another node or nodes. A relay entry in the bootpd configuration file, for example, provides the information necessary to forward, or relay, bootstrap protocol requests to one or more bootp servers.

The host system from which you, as a client, are requesting service.

A node on an internetwork other than the node you are currently using or referring to.

An initialization file for the domain name resolver. It contains information needed by the network to determine how to resolve a domain name to an IP address.

Sample initialization file for the domain name resolver.

A node on a network or internetwork that provides on-demand service to requesting clients.

The file which associates official service names and aliases with the port number and protocol the services use. In the HFS name space, this file is /etc/services.

The services name file, described above.

A special kind of file that uniquely identifies one end point of an Internetwork connection. A socket specifies the protocol being used (for example TCP) the Internetwork address (for example 192.44.244.7) and the integer identifiying the process (for example 377). A socket pair completely specifies the two processes that make up an Internetwork connection.

A type of service that uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to exchange information on an internetwork. Stream services rely on an established, known connection between two systems, client and host, similar to a leased or dedicated phone line between two parties.

A type of socket that is used to establish stream services between two systems.

Another name for a network, especially if the network is part of an internetwork. The word subnet is also a synonym for intranet.

A grouping of bits that determines which bits of the IP address will be used to define a subnetwork. The subnet mask is configured using the NMMGR utility and specified in the same format as an IP address.

Telnet Access Card. A board within a DTC 48 or 72MX.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A set of rules that establishes and maintains connections between nodes on an internetwork. TCP/IP regulates the flow of data, breaks messages into smaller fragments if necessary (and reassembles the fragments at the destination), detects errors, and retransmits messages if errors have been detected.

Telnet Express Box. An HP product consisting of a DTC dedicated to providing protocol conversion between Telnet on TCP/IP and AFCP to allow incoming calls from the Internet Services environment to HP 3000 systems.

The application protocol offering virtual terminal service in the Internet suite of protocols developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

A file that contains the Telnet client program.

The readme file for the Telnet client program.

Trivial File Transfer Protocol, TFTP, a set of rules used to read and write files to or from a remote system.

User Datagram Protocol, a set of rules used to send connectionless messages called datagrams between systems. UDP requires much less overhead than a protocol such as TCP because it does not require acknowledgement from the recipient that the message reached its destination.

A network service that allows a user to establish interactive sessions on a node.

Wide Area Network. A data communications network of unlimited size, used for connecting localities, cities, and countries.

The port number that identifies the specific user process of an available and commonly-used Internet Service. For example, the port number for the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is 21.

Defines the interface between a DTE and a DCE for packet mode operation on a public data network (PDN).