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A separate Output Field Menu shown in Figure 5-17 “Output Field Menu”,
is displayed for every input field named in the preceding Output
Record Menu. The Output Field Menus are issued in the order the
field names were entered in the output record definition. No Output
Field Menu is issued for constants. The Output Field Menu displays the information for a field
entered on the preceding output record definition. In addition,
it allows you to change the data type of a field from CHAR to any
of the legal FORMSPEC data types. It also allows some formatting
in addition to that performed by default when data is moved from
the input field in the batch file to the output field in the output
file. Figure 5-17 Output Field Menu The first line of the menu displays the input field values
defined for this field on the preceding Output Record Menu. None
of these values can be changed. The second line displays the output field values defined for
this field. Except for the data type, these values were established
on the preceding Output Record Menu and cannot be changed on this
menu. The data type of all fields to be written to the output file
is defaulted to CHAR. This is done because only character type fields
are written to the output record exactly as they were entered. If
you want the field to be formatted to the format of a particular
data type, you must change the data type specification on the Output
Field Menu. (Refer to Table 5-2 “Standard Formatting by Data Types” on the following
page for the standard formatting by data type.) The remaining items in the Output Field Menu allow you to
specify reformatting to be performed on the data item when it is
moved to the output field. Note that these reformatting specifications
cannot override the standard conversion and reformatting performed
on the item based on the destination data type. Data Type | |
You may change the output data type to a type other than CHAR.
If, for example, the data type of the input item is NUM2, you can
retain this data type by changing the output data type from CHAR
to NUM2. This causes the value to be reformatted according to the standard
rules for data type reformatting. To illustrate, when a NUM2 item entered as 000123.12 is moved to a NUM2 field, leading zeros are replaced
by blanks and it is right justified in the field. If moved to a
CHAR field the value is moved to the output field exactly as entered.
For another example, assume a date of type MDY is entered as MAR 6, 1986. If the output data type is left as CHAR, the date
is written to the output field as MAR 6, 1986. If, on the other hand, the output data type is
changed to MDY, the date is written as 03/06/86. When you change a data type to one other than
CHAR and different from the original data type, you must take care
since not all data types are interchangeable, and those that are
may require conversion of the data. Allowed changes are: Title not available (Data Type) - Any type to character
No conversion — data is left exactly as
it was entered. - Numeric to numeric
Convert numeric value to conform to the destination
type (DIGIT, NUM, NUMn, or IMPn). - Date to date
Convert date to dd/dd/dd; the exact order depends on the destination date type
(MDY, DMY, or YMD).
Field Formatting | |
The remaining Output Field Menu specifications affect the
actual data in the field. These specifications (STRIP, JUSTIFY, SIGN, FILL, and CHECKDIGIT) are performed in addition to the standard formatting
performed when data is moved from an input (batch) field to an output
field. The standard formatting is described in Table 5-2 “Standard Formatting by Data Types” In
general, the data is first converted to the destination data type,
if necessary. Then all other formatting is performed. Note that the
data is converted only if the output field type is specifically
changed to a type other than CHAR. Table 5-2 Standard Formatting by Data Types Destination Data Type | Standard Formatting |
|---|
CHAR | Conversion: none. Data movement: Move
data to output field, character by character from leftmost character
(including blanks) through last character (including blanks). If
the data is shorter than the output field, pad with blanks on the
right. If the data is longer than the output field, truncate on
the right. Assume a value with length=10 ΔΔΔCHARΔΔΔ
moved to CHAR field, length=10 ΔΔΔCHARΔΔΔ
to CHAR field, length=15 ΔΔΔCHARΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔ
to CHAR field, length=5 ΔΔΔCH | DATE | Conversion and Movement: Convert entered
date to dd/dd/dd, where the order of digits depends on the date type.
A date is written to MDY type field as mm/dd/yy; to DMY type field as dd/mm/yy; to YMD field as yy/mm/dd. Write converted date, character by character, to
the output field starting with the leftmost character. If the date
is shorter than the field, fill with blanks on the right; if longer
than the field, issue error message. Assume an MDY date, length=12 JAN 31, 1986
moved to MDY field, length=12 01/31/86ΔΔΔ
to DMY field, length=8 31/01/86
to YMD field, length=8 86/01/31
to any date field, length=7 ERROR | DIGIT | Conversion and Movement: Strip any leading
zeros. Right justify converted data in the output field. If the
data is shorter than the field, pad it with blanks on the left.
If the data is too long for the output field, strip any leading
blanks, one at a time until the data fits. If, after all leading
blanks are removed, the data does not fit, issue error message. Assume an integer, length=7 0012345
moved to DIGIT field, length=7 ΔΔ12345
to DIGIT field, length=10 ΔΔΔΔΔ12345
to DIGIT field, length=5 12345
to DIGIT field, length=4 ERROR | NUMn\or
\NUM | Conversion and Movement: Strip any commas,
sign, or leading zeros. Float any minus sign to position preceding
the first nonblank character. Right justify data in the output field.
If the data is shorter than the field, pad with blanks on the left.
If the data is too long, strip leading blanks one at a time until
data fits. If, after all blanks are removed, the data is still too
long, strip trailing fractional zeros, one by one. Then, if necessary,
round fractional digits, one place at a time, until the value fits
in the output field. (Note that rounding may change the value of
the integer part.) If the value still does not fit, issue error
message.
Assume value with length=10 1,234.510
moved to NUM3 field, length=10 ΔΔ1234.510
to NUM3 field, length=ll ΔΔΔ1234.510
to NUM3 field, length=6 1234.5
to NUM3 field, length=4 1235
to NUM3 field, length=3 ERROR
Assume signed value, length=10 +1234.510Δ
moved to NUM2 field, length=10 ΔΔΔ1234.51
to NUM2 field, length=3 ERROR
Assume signed value, length=7 -12.10Δ
moved to NUM2 field, length=7 Δ-12.10
to NUM2 field, length=3 -12
to NUM2 field, length=2 ERROR | IMPn | Conversion and Movement: Strip any decimal
indicator, commas, sign, or leading zeros. Float any minus sign
to the position preceding the first nonblank digit. Right justify
data in the output field. If the data is shorter than the field,
pad with blanks on the left. If the data is too long, strip leading
blanks, one by one. If the data does not fit and only the fractional
part remains, strip leading fractional zeros. (Trailing fractional
zeros are never stripped from an IMPn field.) If the data still
does not fit, issue error message. Assume a value, length=10 -123.0120ΔΔ
moved to IMP4 field, length=10 ΔΔΔ-1230120
to IMP4 field, length=8 -1230120
to IMP4 field, length=7 ERROR
Assume a value, length=7 .0120ΔΔ
to IMP4 field, length=3 120
to IMP4 field, length=2 ERROR |
REFSPEC performs all formatting (user-defined and standard)
in the following order: Convert data to destination data type (unless type is CHAR).
If numeric type data does not fit in the output field after conversion,
the output field is set to all blanks, STRIP (user-specified) Move data to output field, justified left, and inserting
check digit if specified, and padding with blanks as needed. If
character type data does not fit, it is truncated on the right.
If a data field does not fit, the output field is set to all blanks. Perform any CHECKDIGIT (user-specified) and/or JUSTIFY (user-specified). SIGN (user-specified) FILL (user-specified)
Note that step 3 includes data type formatting with data movement
and user-specified justification and check digit insertion. These
steps are performed simultaneously so that significant data is not
lost due to justification. For example, if you justify data in a
field to the left, the data is justified before movement; but if
you justify data to the right, the justification is performed after
the data is moved. Any changes (truncation, conversion, and so forth) made to
the data in the output field do not affect the original data in
the input field. STRIP | |
This option lets you remove a particular character or group
of characters from data entered in the field. The following three
options are provided: - STRIP ALL characters
Strips each occurrence of each specified character.
The remaining characters are shifted left to fill the space created
by stripping the specified characters. - STRIP LEADING characters
Strips each occurrence of each specified character
only if it appears before any other nonblank characters in the field.
Stripped characters are replaced by blanks. It is meaningless to
strip leading blanks; if you want to shift data left, use JUSTIFY LEFT. - STRIP TRAILING characters
Strips each occurrence of each specified character
only if it appears after all other nonblank characters. Stripped
characters are replaced by blanks.
In Table 5-3 “Examples Using STRIP” are examples using
STRIP where both the input field and the output field
are 12 characters long and are the same data type; a blank is shown
by the character Δ. Table 5-3 Examples Using STRIP Data Type | Input Value | Specification | Output Value |
|---|
CHAR | ΔACBAXCBYZBB | none
STRIP ALL "ABC"
STRIP LEADING "ABC"
STRIP TRAILING "ABC" | ΔACBAXCBYZBB
ΔXYZΔΔΔΔΔΔΔΔ
ΔΔΔΔΔXCBYZBB
ΔACBAXCBYZΔΔ | DIGIT | Δ234567ΔΔΔΔ | none
STRIP ALL "35"
STRIP LEADING "0"
STRIP TRAILING "7" | ΔΔΔΔΔ1234567 ΔΔΔΔΔ12467ΔΔΔ
ΔΔΔΔΔ12345.67
ΔΔΔΔΔ3456Δ | NUM2 | Δ12,345.67ΔΔ | none
STRIP ALL "35"
STRIP LEADING "01"
STRIP TRAILING "7" | ΔΔΔ-12345.67
ΔΔΔ-124.67ΔΔ
ΔΔΔΔ-2345.67
ΔΔΔ-12345.6Δ | IMP2 | Δ12,34567ΔΔΔ | none
STRIP ALL "35"
STRIP LEADING "01"
STRIP TRAILING "7" | ΔΔΔΔ-1234567
ΔΔΔΔ-12467ΔΔ
ΔΔΔΔΔ-234567
ΔΔΔΔ-123456Δ |
Note that in the last IMP2 example, stripping the last character
moves the implied decimal to the position between 4 and 5. JUSTIFY | |
This specification lets you move data to the right or left
boundary of the output field or to center it in the field. These
three options are specified as: - JUSTIFY RIGHT
Moves the data to the right until the last character
in the output field is nonblank, padding with blanks on the left
as the data is moved. - JUSTIFY LEFT
Moves data to the left until the first character
in the output field is nonblank, padding with blanks on the right
as the data is moved. - JUSTIFY CENTER
Positions the data so that there is an equal number
of blanks to the right and left of the nonblank data. If the total
number of blanks in the field is not even, the extra blank is on
the right.
If JUSTIFY is not specified, numeric type data is justified
right and date type data is justified left. No justification is
performed on character type data. In Table 5-3 “Examples Using STRIP”,
the examples illustrate the three types of justification. It is
assumed the input and output data types are the same. Table 5-4 Examples of Three Types of Justification Data Type | Input Value | Specification | Output Value |
|---|
CHAR | ΔABCDEFΔΔ | JUSTIFY R
JUSTIFY L
JUSTIFY C | ΔΔΔΔABCDEF
ABCDEFΔΔΔΔ
ΔΔABCDEF | DATE | 1/30/86ΔΔΔ | none
JUSTIFY R
JUSTIFY C | 1/30/86ΔΔ
ΔΔ01/30/86
Δ01/30/86Δ | DIGIT NUM or IMP | ΔΔ123456ΔΔ | none
JUSTIFY L
JUSTIFY C | ΔΔΔΔ123456
123456ΔΔΔΔ
ΔΔ123456ΔΔ |
Sign | |
With the SIGN specification, you can indicate where you want
either a plus or minus sign placed in the output field. Any plus
sign is removed automatically when a number is moved to the output
field unless you specifically request that it be included with the PLUS option of SIGN. SIGN has the following options: - SIGN LEFT
The sign is placed in the first character position
of the field. If this position contains a blank, the sign replaces
it. Otherwise, data may be moved to the right of a leading zero
stripped to accommodate the sign. If needed, a fractional digit
is rounded. If the sign still does not fit, an error occurs and the
field is set to blanks. - SIGN RIGHT
The sign is placed in the last character position
in the field. As with SIGN
LEFT, every attempt is made to fit the sign in the
field, but if it results in too many characters, an error occurs
and the field is set to blanks. - SIGN FLOAT
The sign is placed immediately preceding the first
nonblank digit in the field. As with SIGN LEFT a leading zero may need to be stripped or a fractional
digit rounded to accommodate the sign. If it still does not fit,
an error occurs and the field is set to blanks. - SIGN ZONE
The sign is represented as an "overpunch" character
in the last digit of the field. (See Table 5-2 “Standard Formatting by Data Types” for
the value of a zoned sign.) No movement of data is required for
this option. - NO SIGN
Any sign in the input field is stripped from the
field when it is moved to the output record. - PLUS
All the preceding specifications apply to either
a minus or a plus sign. The default is to insert only minus signs.
If you want to retain a plus sign, you must enter Y in the PLUS option as well as indicate where you want the sign
positioned.
If SIGN is not specified, a minus sign is floated for
numeric type data and any plus sign is stripped; character type
data is written exactly as entered. Table 5-5 Correspondence Between Signed Digits and Characters Positive Values | Positive Values | Negative Values | Negative Values | Signed Digit | Character | Signed Digit | Character | +0 | { | -0 | } | +1 | A | -1 | J | +2 | B | -2 | K | +3 | C | -3 | L | +4 | D | -4 | M | +5 | E | -5 | N | +6 | F | -6 | O | +7 | G | -7 | P | +8 | H | -8 | Q | +9 | I | -9 | R |
In Table 5-6 “Example Using the SIGN Option” are examples that illustrate
the use of the SIGN option. The input and output fields are assumed
to be the same data type. Table 5-6 Example Using the SIGN Option Data Type | Input Value | Spec. | Output Value |
|---|
NUMO | -123456
+123456
-123456
-1234567
+1234567
-1234567 | none
none
NO SIGN
SIGN ZONE
SIGN ZONE, PLUS SIGN RIGHT | ΔΔΔ-123456
ΔΔΔΔ123456
ΔΔΔΔ123456
ΔΔΔ123456P
ΔΔΔ123456G
ΔΔ1234567- |
Fill | |
This specification allows you to replace leading, trailing,
or all blanks in a field by a particular character. The specified
character may be any printable character. It may not be a nonprinting
control character, nor may it be more than one character. If FILL is not specified, no default replacement is made. - FILL ALL character
Replaces all blanks in the data with the specified
character. - FILL LEADING character
Replaces all leading blanks with the specified character. - FILL TRAILING character
Replaces all trailing blanks with the specified
character. Default = none
You can specify both FILL LEADING and FILL TRAILING with no redundancy. But, you must not specify
either FILL LEADING or FILL TRAILING with FILL ALL. Since the FILL ALL fills all the blanks, any other FILL specification for the field is diagnosed as an
error. The examples in Table 5-7 “Examples Using the FILL Option” illustrate use
of the FILL option. The input and output data types are the
same. Table 5-7 Examples Using the FILL Option Data Type | Input Value | Specification | Output Value |
|---|
CHAR | ΔΔABCΔDEFΔΔ | FILL ALL*
FILL LEADING* FILL TRAILING* | **ABC*DEF**
**ABCΔDEFΔΔ
ΔΔABCΔDEF** | NUM2 | ΔΔΔΔΔ123.75 | FILL LEADING* | *****123.75 |
FILL LEADING and FILL ALL are not sensitive to the sign of a signed number.
For example, the first set of specifications in Table 5-8 “Example Using the FILL LEADING and FILL ALL
Option” produces a meaningless result because the sign is floated
before the field is filled with zeros; the second set of specifications
produces the desired result. Table 5-8 Example Using the FILL LEADING and FILL ALL
Option Input Value | Specification | Output Value |
|---|
-ΔΔ999 | FLOAT SIGN
FILL LEADING 0 | 000-999 | -ΔΔΔ999 | SIGN LEFT
FILL ALL 0 | -ΔΔΔ999
-000999 |
Check Digit | |
You can request that a check digit be added to the end of
any digit or alphabetic value by entering 10 or 11 in the CHECKDIGIT option of the Output Field Menu. The check digit
is calculated by modulo 10 or modulo 11 depending on which you specify. Check digits can be added only to fields that are type DIG or type CHAR and that contain only digits or letters of the
alphabet. If ADD CHECK DIGIT is not specified as 10 or 11, no check digit is added. | | | |  | NOTE: This specification adds a check digit. If you want to
verify a number that contains a check digit, this can be requested
in the original form design using FORMSPEC (refer to Chapter 4). | | | | |
If the data is right justified, the nonblank digits in the
field are moved left one character position to make room for the
check digit. Note that when a check digit is to be added to a field,
the length of the output field must be specified as at least one
character longer than the input field. (Field length is increased
on the Output Record Menu, not the Output Field Menu.) Refer to
Appendix D for a description of how check digits are calculated
if modulo 10 or modulo 11 is specified. Examples: - CHECKDIGIT 10
Calculate check digit according to modulo 10 formula
and add it following rightmost nonblank digit. - CHECKDIGIT 11
Calculate check digit according to modulo 11 formula
and add it following rightmost nonblank digit. If the product generated by a CHECKDIGIT 11 calculation evaluates to 10, this is considered
invalid and the following message is issued when REFORMAT is executed: "Check digit is invalid for modulus 11 calculation." |
If the product generated by a CHECKDIGIT 11 calculation evaluates to 11, a zero is appended
to the basic number.
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