HP C/HP-UX Reference Manual: Workstations and Servers

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HP Part Number: 92453-90085

Published: May 1997

© Copyright 1996 © Copyright 1997 Hewlett-Packard Company.

Table of Contents

Printing History

About This Manual

1 Introduction

Compatibility Mode

Focus of this Manual

HP C Online Help

Accessing HP C Help with the +help Option
Accessing HP C Help with the Front Panel
Accessing HP C Help with the dthelpview Command

2 Lexical Elements

Syntax
Description

Identifiers

Syntax
Description
Identifier Scope
Identifier Linkage
Storage Duration
Name Spaces
Types

Syntax
Description
Floating Constants
Integer Constants
Enumeration Constants
Character Constants

String Literals

Syntax
Description

Syntax
Description

Punctuators

Syntax
Description

3 Data Types and Declarations

Program Structure

Syntax
Description

Declarations

Syntax
Description
Examples

Storage-Class Specifiers

Syntax
Description

Type Specifiers

Syntax
Description

HP Specific Type Qualifiers

Syntax
Description

Type Qualifiers

Syntax
Description

Structure and Union Specifiers

Syntax
Description
Structure and Union Tags

Enumeration

Syntax
Description
Examples
Sized enum - HP C Workstation and Servers Extension

Declarators

Syntax
Description
Pointer Declarators
Array Declarators
Function Declarators

Syntax
Description
Examples

Type Definitions Using typedef

Syntax
Description
Example

Initialization

Syntax
Description
Examples

Function Definitions

Syntax
Description
Examples

Four-Byte Extended UNIX Code (EUC)

4 Type Conversions

Integral Promotions

Usual Arithmetic Conversions

Arithmetic Conversions

Integral Conversions
Floating Conversions
Arrays, Pointers, and Functions

5 Expressions

Operator Precedence

Lvalue Expressions

Examples

Primary Expressions

Syntax
Description
Examples

Postfix Operators

Syntax
Examples

Array Subscripting

Syntax
Description

Function Calls

Syntax
Description

Structure and Union Members

Syntax
Description

Postfix Increment and Decrement Operators

Syntax
Description

Unary Operators

Syntax
Examples

Prefix Increment and Decrement Operators

Syntax
Description

Address and Indirection Operators

Syntax
Description

Unary Arithmetic Operators

Syntax
Description

The sizeof Operator

Syntax
Description

Cast Operators

Syntax
Description

Multiplicative Operators

Syntax
Description
Examples

Additive Operators

Syntax
Description
Examples

Bitwise Shift Operators

Syntax
Description
Example

Relational Operators

Syntax
Description
Examples

Equality Operators

Syntax
Description
Examples

Bitwise AND Operator

Syntax
Description
Example

Bitwise Exclusive OR Operator

Syntax
Description
Example

Bitwise Inclusive OR Operator

Syntax
Description
Example

Logical AND Operator

Syntax
Description
Example

Logical OR Operator

Syntax
Description
Example

Conditional Operator

Syntax
Description
Example

Assignment Operators

Syntax
Description
Simple Assignment
Compound Assignment
Examples

Comma Operator

Syntax
Description
Examples

Constant Expressions

Syntax
Description
Examples

6 Statements

Labeled Statements

Syntax
Description
Examples

Compound Statement or Block

Syntax
Description
Example

Expression and Null Statements

Syntax
Description
Example

Selection Statements

Syntax
Examples

The if Statement

Syntax
Description

The switch Statement

Syntax
Description
Example

Iteration Statements

Syntax
Examples

The while Statement

Syntax
Description
Example

The do Statement

Syntax
Description
Example

The for Statement

Syntax
Description
Example

Jump Statements

Syntax
Examples

The goto Statement

Syntax
Description

The continue Statement

Syntax
Description
Example

The break Statement

Syntax
Description
Example

The return Statement

Syntax
Description

7 Preprocessing Directives

Source File Inclusion

Syntax
Description
Examples

Macro Replacement

Syntax
Description

Predefined Macros

Conditional Compilation

Syntax
Description
Examples

Line Control

Syntax
Description
Example

Pragma Directive

Syntax
Description
Example

Error Directive

Syntax
Examples

Trigraph Sequences

8 C Library Functions

9 Compiling and Running HP C Programs

Compiling HP C Programs

Compatibility Mode vs. ANSI C Mode
The cc(1) Command
Specifying Files to the cc Command
Specifying Options to the cc Command
HP C Compiler Options
Examples of Compiler Commands
Environment Variables

Compiling for Different Versions of the PA-RISC Architecture

Using +DA to Generate Code for a Specific Version of PA-RISC
Using +DS to Specify Instruction Scheduling
Compiling in Networked Environments

Intrinsic Pragmas
Copyright Notice and Identification Pragmas
Optimization Pragmas
Shared Library Pragma
Data Alignment Pragma
Listing Pragmas

Running HP C Programs

10 HP C/HP-UX Implementation Topics

IEEE Floating-Point Format

Lexical Elements

Structures and Unions

Type Mismatches in External Names

Expressions

Maximum Number of Dimensions of an Array

Scope of extern Declarations

Conversions Between Floats, Doubles, and Long Doubles

Preprocessor

Library Functions and Header Files

The Math Library
Other Library Functions

The varargs Macros

Example

HP Specific Type Qualifiers

Location of Files

11 Using Intrinsics

INTRINSIC Pragma

Examples

INTRINSIC_FILE Pragma

12 The Listing Facility

Listing Format

Compatibility Mode
ANSI Mode

Listing Pragmas

Listing Options

Identifier Maps
Code Offsets
Example

A Syntax Summary

Lexical Grammar

Tokens
Keywords
Identifiers
Constants
String Literals
Operators
Punctuators
Header Names
Preprocessing Numbers

Phrase Structure Grammar

Expressions
Declarations
Statements
External Definitions

Preprocessing Directives

List of Figures

2-1 C Types
10-1 Internal Representation of Floating-Point Numbers

List of Tables

1 Printing History
2 Convention Summary
2-1 Special Characters
3-1 C Type Specifiers
3-2 Declarations using const and volatile
5-1 C Operator Precedence
5-2 Results for Inexact a/b
5-3 Results for Non-zero ab
5-4 Bitwise AND Results
5-5 Exclusive OR Results
5-6 Bitwise OR Results
7-1 Predefined Macros
7-2 Trigraph Sequences and Replacement Characters
9-1 HP C Compiler Options at a Glance
9-2 HP C Compiler Option Details
10-1 HP C/HP-UX Data Types
10-2 Floating-point Bias, and Unbiased Exponents Values
10-3 Location of Files