Appendix

Backtrace is a summary of proceeds of execution of the program which displays the stack frame number and the function name output of the bt command.

Concurrency is a concept where more than one thread performs different functions simultaneously to complete the execution of the process at the earliest.

Core file consists of information such as memory image of the address space of specific processes, values of the process registers and the states of a specific program. This file is the result of an abnormally terminated program.

Debugging is to understand, identify, and fix errors in a program.

Heap is a large pool of memory from which dynamic memory allocations are done for program elements such as large arrays, structures, or classes.

Multi threaded applications consist of multiple threads sharing resources with each other.

Parallelism is a concept where more than one thread performs the same function simultaneously to complete the execution of the process at the earliest.

Process is an instance of a program in execution. It provides an environment for the execution of the threads within. The environment consists of details such as process identification details, working directory, an address space and system resources such as file descriptors, signal actions, shared libraries, and shared memory.

POSIX is a standard that defines Application Programming Interface to create and manipulate threads. POSIX Threads is a POSIX standard for Threads. Libraries that implement POSIX threads are named Pthreads.

When a program attempts to access a memory location in an improper way, the error condition is called Segmentation fault. In addition, attempts to access a memory location to which the access is denied also results in segmentation fault.

Shared memory is the segment of memory that is accessed by multiple programs to establish quick communication among them.

Stack is an abstract data structure that stores temporary information in sequential set of memory addresses.

Stack frames are machine dependent data structures in call stack that have data pertaining to the execution state of a function.

Stack overflow is a condition where more than the determined amount of memory is used on the call stack. This results in program crash.

Stack trace is a summary of the stack frames. These stack frames contain the function calls which the program initiates during its execution.