HPlogo ALLBASE/ISQL Reference Manual: HP 9000 Computer Systems > Appendix A SQL Syntax Summary

» 

Technical documentation

Complete book in PDF
» Feedback

 » Table of Contents

 » Index

ADD DBEFILE

ADD DBEFILE DBEFileNameTO DBEFILESET DBEFileSetName

ADD TO GROUP

ADD { DBEUserID GroupName ClassName } [ , ... ]TO GROUPTargetGroupName

ADVANCE

ADVANCE CursorName [ USING [SQL] DESCRIPTOR { SQLDA AreaName }]

ALTER DBEFILE

ALTER DBEFILE DBEFileName SET TYPE = { TABLE INDEX MIXED }

ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLE [Owner.] TableName { AddColumnSpecification AddConstraintSpecification DropConstraintSpecification SetTypeSpecification SetPartitionSpecification }

AddColumnSpecification

ADD { (ColumnDefinition [ , ... ]) Column Definition } [ CLUSTERING ON CONSTRAINT [ConstraintID] ]

AddConstraintSpecification

ADD CONSTRAINT { ( { UniqueConstraint [CONSTRAINT ConstraintID1] ReferentialConstraint [CONSTRAINT ConstraintID1] CheckConstraint [CONSTRAINT ConstraintID1]} [ , ... ]) } [ CLUSTERING ON CONSTRAINT [ConstraintID2]]

DropConstraintSpecification

DROP CONSTRAINT { (ConstraintID[ , ... ]) ConstraintID }

SetTypeSpecification

SET TYPE { PRIVATE PUBLICREAD PUBLIC PUBLICROW } [ RESET AUTHORITY PRESERVE AUTHORITY ]

SetPartitionSpecification

SET PARTITION { PartitionName DEFAULT NONE }

Assignment (=)

{ :LocalVariable :ProcedureParameter } = Expression;

BEGIN

BEGIN [statement;] [ ... ] END;

BEGIN ARCHIVE

BEGIN ARCHIVE

BEGIN DECLARE SECTION

BEGIN DECLARE SECTION

BEGIN WORK

BEGIN WORK [Priority] [ RR CS RC RU ] [ LABEL { 'LabelString' :HostVariable }] [[ PARALLEL NO ] FILL ]

CHECKPOINT

CHECKPOINT [ :HostVariable :LocalVariable :ProcedureParameter ]

CLOSE

CLOSE CursorName [ USING {[SQL] DESCRIPTOR { SQLDA AreaName } :HostVariable [[INDICATOR] :Indicator ] [,...] }]

COMMIT ARCHIVE

COMMIT ARCHIVE

COMMIT WORK

COMMIT WORK [RELEASE]

CONNECT

CONNECT TO { 'DBEnvironmentName' :HostVariable1 } [ AS { 'ConnectionName' :HostVariable2 }] [ USER { 'UserID' :HostVariable3 } [USINGHostVariable4]]

CREATE DBEFILE

CREATE DBEFILE DBEFilenameWITH PAGES = DBEFileSize,NAME 'SystemFileName' [ , INCREMENT = DBEFileIncrSize [, MAXPAGES = DBEFileMaxSize]] [ ,TYPE = { TABLE INDEX MIXED }]

CREATE DBEFILESET

CREATE DBEFILESET DBEFileSetName

CREATE GROUP

CREATE GROUP [Owner.] GroupName

CREATE INDEX

CREATE [UNIQUE] [CLUSTERING] INDEX [Owner.] IndexNameON [Owner.] TableName ( { ColumnName [ ASC DESC ]} [,...])

CREATE PARTITION

CREATE PARTITION PartitionName WITH ID = PartitionNumber

CREATE PROCEDURE

CREATE PROCEDURE [Owner.] ProcedureName [LANG = ProcLangName] [ ( ParameterDeclaration [, ParameterDeclaration] [ ... ]) ] [ WITH RESULT ResultDeclaration [, ResultDeclaration] [ ... ] ] AS BEGIN [ProcedureStatement] [ ... ]END [IN DBEFileSetName]

ParameterDeclaration

ParameterName ParameterType [LANG = ParameterLanguage] [DEFAULT DefaultValue] [NOT NULL] [ OUTPUT [ONLY]]

ResultDeclaration

ResultType [LANG = ResultLanguage] [NOT NULL]

CREATE RULE

CREATE RULE [Owner.] RuleName AFTER StatementType[ ,... ] { ON OF FROM INTO } [Owner] .TableName [ REFERENCING {OLD AS OldCorrelationName} NEW AS NewCorrelationName [ ... ] ] [WHERE FiringCondition] EXECUTE PROCEDURE [OwnerName.] ProcedureName [ (ParameterValue [ , ... ]) ] [IN DBEFileSetName]

CREATE SCHEMA

CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION AuthorizationName [ TableDefinition ViewDefinition IndexDefinition ProcedureDefinition RuleDefinition CreateGroup AddToGroup GrantStatement ] [ ... ]

CREATE TABLE

CREATE [ PRIVATE PUBLICREAD PUBLIC PUBLICROW ] TABLE [Owner.] TableName [LANG = TableLanguageName] ( { ColumnDefinition UniqueConstraint ReferentialConstraint CheckConstraint } [ ,... ]) [ UNIQUE HASH ON (HashColumnName[ ,... ]) PAGES =PrimaryPages HASH ON CONSTRAINT [ConstraintID] PAGES =PrimaryPages CLUSTERING ON CONSTRAINT [ConstraintID]] [ IN PARTITION { PartitionName DEFAULT NONE }] [IN DBEFileSetName1]

Column Definition

ColumnName { ColumnDataType LongColumnType [ IN DBEFileSetName2 ]} [ LANG = ColumnLanguageName ] [[NOT] CASE SENSITIVE ] [ DEFAULT { Constant USER NULL CurrentFunction }] [ NOT NULL [{ UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY } [CONSTRAINT] ConstraintID ] REFERENCES RefTableName [(RefColumnName)] [ CONSTRAINT ConstraintID [ ... ] CHECK (SearchCondition) ] [ CONSTRAINT ConstraintID ] [ IN DBEFileSetName3 ]] [ ... ]

Unique Constraint (Table Level)

{UNIQUE} PRIMARY KEY ( ColumnName [ ,... ]) [ CONSTRAINT ConstraintID ]

Referential Constraint (Table Level)

FOREIGN KEY ( FKColumnName [ ,...]) REFERENCES RefTableName [( RefColumnName] [ ,... ]) [ CONSTRAINT ConstraintID ]

Check Constraint (Table Level)

CHECK (SearchCondition) [CONSTRAINT ConstraintID] [IN DBEFileSetName3]

CREATE TEMPSPACE

CREATE TEMPSPACE TempSpaceName WITH [MAXFILEPAGES =MaxTempFileSize,] LOCATION ='PhysicalLocation'

CREATE VIEW

CREATE VIEW [Owner.] ViewName [ ( ColumnName [ ,... ]) ] AS QueryExpression [ IN DBEFileSetName ] [ WITH CHECK OPTION [ CONSTRAINT ConstraintID ]]

DECLARE CURSOR

DECLARE CursorName [ IN DBEFileSetName ] CURSOR FOR {{ QueryExpression SelectStatementName } [ FOR UPDATE OF {ColumnName} [ ,... ] FOR READ ONLY ] ExecuteProcedureStatement ExecuteStatementName }

DECLARE Variable

DECLARE {LocalVariable} [ ,... ] VariableType [ LANG = VariableLangName ] [ DEFAULT { Constant NULL CurrentFunction }] [NOT NULL]

DELETE

DELETE FROM {[Owner.] TableName [Owner.] ViewName } [ WHERE SearchCondition ]

DELETE WHERE CURRENT

DELETE FROM {[Owner.] TableName [Owner.] ViewName } WHERE CURRENT OF CursorName

DESCRIBE

DESCRIBE [ OUTPUT INPUT RESULT ] StatementName { INTO [[SQL] DESCRIPTOR ] USING [SQL] DESCRIPTOR } { SQLDA AreaName }

DISABLE AUDIT LOGGING

DISABLE AUDIT LOGGING

DISABLE RULES

DISABLE RULES

DISCONNECT

DISCONNECT { 'ConnectionName' 'DBEnvironmentName' :HostVariable ALL CURRENT }

DROP DBEFILE

DROP DBEFILE DBEFileName

DROP DBEFILESET

DROP DBEFILESET DBEFileSetName

DROP GROUP

DROP GROUP GroupName

DROP INDEX

DROP INDEX [Owner.] IndexName [ FROM [Owner.] TableName ]

DROP MODULE

DROP MODULE [Owner.] ModuleName [PRESERVE]

DROP PARTITION

DROP PARTITION PartitionName

DROP PROCEDURE

DROP PROCEDURE [Owner.] ProcedureName [PRESERVE]

DROP RULE

DROP RULE [Owner.] RuleName [ FROM TABLE [Owner.] TableName ]

DROP TABLE

DROP TABLE [Owner.] TableName

DROP TEMPSPACE

DROP TEMPSPACE TempSpaceName

DROP VIEW

DROP VIEW [Owner.] ViewName

ENABLE AUDIT LOGGING

ENABLE AUDIT LOGGING

ENABLE RULES

ENABLE RULES

END DECLARE SECTION

END DECLARE SECTION

EXECUTE

EXECUTE { StatementName [Owner.] ModuleName [(SectionNumber)]} [ USING {[SQL] DESCRIPTOR {[INPUT] { SQLDA AreaName1 } [ AND OUTPUT { SQLDA AreaName2 }] OUTPUT { SQLDA AreaName }} [INPUT] HostVariableSpecification1 [ AND OUTPUT HostVariableSpecification2 ] OUTPUT HostVariableSpecification :Buffer [ ,:StartIndex [, :NumberOfRows]]}]

HostVariableSpecification

:HostVariableName [[INDICATOR] :IndicatorVariable ] [ , ... ]

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE { 'String' :HostVariable }

EXECUTE PROCEDURE

EXECUTE PROCEDURE [:ReturnStatusVariable = ] [Owner.] ProcedureName [ ( [ActualParameter] [ , [ActualParameter]] [ ... ]) ]

ActualParameter

[ParameterName = ] ParameterValue [ OUTPUT [ONLY]]

FETCH

[BULK] FETCH CursorName { INTO HostVariableSpecification USING {[SQL] DESCRIPTOR { SQLDA AreaName } HostVariableSpecification }}

BULK HostVariableSpecification

:Buffer [ ,:StartIndex [,:NumberOfRows]]

Non-BULK HostVariableSpecification

{ :HostVariable [[INDICATOR] :Indicator ]} [ , ... ]

GENPLAN

GENPLAN [ WITH (VariableName DataType [ ,.. ]) ] FOR SQLStatement

GOTO

{ GOTO GO TO } { Label Integer }

GRANT

GRANT { ALL [PRIVILEGES] { SELECT INSERT DELETE ALTER INDEX UPDATE [ ( {ColumnName} [ , ... ] ) ] REFERENCES [ ( {ColumnName} [ , ... ] ) ]} | , ... | } ON {[Owner.] TableName [Owner.] ViewName } TO { DBEUserID GroupName ClassName PUBLIC } [ , ... ] [WITH GRANT OPTION] [ BY { DBEUserID ClassName }]

Grant RUN or EXECUTE Authority

GRANT { RUN ON [Owner.] ModuleName EXECUTE ON PROCEDURE [Owner.] ProcedureName } TO {{ DBEUserID GroupName ClassName } [ , ... ] PUBLIC }

Grant CONNECT, DBA, or RESOURCE Authority

GRANT { CONNECT DBA RESOURCE } TO { DBEUserID GroupName ClassName [ , ... ] }

Grant DBEFileSet Authority

GRANT {SECTIONSPACE} TABLESPACE [ , ... ] ON DBEFILESET DBEFileSetName TO { DBEUserID GroupName ClassName PUBLIC } [ , ... ]

IF

IF Condition THEN [ Statement; [ ... ] ] [ ELSEIF Condition THEN [ Statement; [ ... ] ]] [ ELSE [ Statement; [ ... ] ]] ENDIF;

INCLUDE

INCLUDE { SQLCA [[IS] EXTERNAL ] SQLDA }

INSERT - 1

[BULK] INSERT INTO {[Owner.] TableName [Owner.] ViewName } [ ( { ColumnName [ , ... ] ) }] VALUES ( { SingleRowValues BulkValues ? } )

SingleRowValues

{ NULL USER :HostVariable [[INDICATOR] :IndicatorVariable ] ? :LocalVariable :ProcedureParameter ::Built-inVariable ConversionFunction CurrentFunction [ + - ] { Integer Float Decimal } 'CharacterString' 0xHexadecimalString 'LongColumnIOString' } [ , ... ]

LongColumnIOString

< { [PathName/] FileName % SharedMemoryAddress } [{ > >> >! } [PathName/] { FileName CharString$ CharString$CharString } > % { SharedMemoryAddress $ }]

BulkValues

:Buffer [ ,:StartIndex [, :NumberOfRows]]

Dynamic Parameter Substitution

(? [ , ... ] )

INSERT - 2

INSERT INTO {[Owner.] TableName [Owner.] ViewName } [ (ColumnName [ , ... ]) ] QueryExpression

Labeled Statement

Label: Statement

LOCK TABLE

LOCK TABLE [Owner.] TableName IN { SHARE [UPDATE] EXCLUSIVE } MODE

LOG COMMENT

LOG COMMENT { 'String' :HostVariable :ProcedureParameter :ProcedureLocalVariable ? }

OPEN

OPEN CursorName [ KEEP CURSOR [ WITH LOCKS WITH NOLOCKS ]] [ USING {[SQL] DESCRIPTOR { SQLDA AreaName } HostVariableName [[INDICATOR] :IndicatorVariable ] [ , ... ] }]

PREPARE

PREPARE [REPEAT] { StatementName [Owner.] ModuleName [(SectionNumber)]} [ IN DBEFileSetName ] FROM { 'String' :HostVariable }

PRINT

PRINT { 'Constant' :LocalVariable :Parameter ::Built-inVariable } ;

RAISE ERROR

RAISE ERROR [ErrorNumber] [ MESSAGE ErrorText ]

REFETCH

REFETCH CursorName INTO { :HostVariable [[INDICATOR] :Indicator ]} [ , ... ]

RELEASE

RELEASE

REMOVE DBEFILE

REMOVE DBEFILE DBEFileName FROM DBEFILESET DBEFileSetName

REMOVE FROM GROUP

REMOVE { DBEUserID GroupName ClassName } [ , ... ] FROM GROUP [Owner.] TargetGroupName

RESET

RESET { SYSTEM.ACCOUNT [ FOR USER { * DBEUserID }] SYSTEM.COUNTER }

RETURN

RETURN [ReturnStatus] ;

REVOKE

Revoke Authority on a Table or View

REVOKE { ALL [PRIVILEGES] [ SELECT INSERT DELETE ALTER INDEX UPDATE [ ( {ColumnName} [ , ... ] ) ] REFERENCES [ ( {ColumnName} [ , ... ] ) ]] | , ... | } ON {[Owner.] TableName [Owner.] ViewName } FROM { DBEUserID GroupName ClassName PUBLIC } [ , ... ] [CASCADE]

Revoke RUN or EXECUTE or Authority

REVOKE [ RUN ON [Owner.] ModuleName EXECUTE ON PROCEDURE [Owner.] ProcedureName ] FROM {{ DBEUserID GroupName ClassName } [ , ... ] PUBLIC }

Revoke CONNECT, DBA, or RESOURCE Authority

REVOKE { CONNECT DBA RESOURCE } FROM { DBEUserID GroupName ClassName } [ , ... ]

SQL Syntax - Revoke DBEFileSet Authority

REVOKE { SECTIONSPACE TABLESPACE } | , ... | ON DBEFILESET DBEFileSetName FROM {{ DBEUserID GroupName ClassName } [ , ... ] PUBLIC }

ROLLBACK WORK

ROLLBACK WORK [ TO { SavePointNumber :HostVariable :LocalVariable :ProcedureParameter } RELEASE ]

SAVEPOINT

SAVEPOINT [ :HostVariable :LocalVariable :ProcedureParameter ]

SELECT

Select Statement Level

[BULK] QueryExpression [ ORDER BY { ColumnID [ ASC DESC ]} [ , ... ] ]

Subquery Level

(QueryExpression)

Query Expression Level

{ QueryBlock (QueryExpression) } [ UNION [ALL] { QueryBlock (QueryExpression) }] [ ... ]

Query Block Level

SELECT [ ALL DISTINCT ] SelectList [ INTO HostVariableSpecification ] FROM FromSpec [ , ... ] [ WHERE SearchCondition1 ] [ GROUP BY GroupColumnList ] [ HAVING SearchCondition2 ]

SelectList

{ * [Owner.] Table.* CorrelationName.* Expression [[Owner.] Table. ] ColumnName CorrelationName.ColumnName } [ , ... ]

HostVariableSpecification--With BULK Option

:Buffer [ ,:StartIndex [,:NumberOfRows]]

HostVariableSpecification--Without BULK Option

{ :HostVariable [[INDICATOR] :Indicator ]} [ , ... ]

FromSpec

{ TableSpec (FromSpec) FromSpec NATURAL [ INNER LEFT [OUTER] RIGHT [OUTER]] JOIN { TableSpec (FromSpec) } FromSpec [ INNER LEFT [OUTER] RIGHT [OUTER]] JOIN { TableSpec (FromSpec) } { ON SearchCondition3 USING (ColumnList) }}

TableSpec

[Owner.] TableName [CorrelationName]

SET CONNECTION

SET CONNECTION { 'ConnectionName' :HostVariable }

SET CONSTRAINTS

SET ConstraintType [ , ... ] CONSTRAINTS { DEFERRED IMMEDIATE }

SET DEFAULT DBEFILESET

SET DEFAULT { SECTIONSPACE TABLESPACE } TO DBEFILESET DBEFileSetName FOR PUBLIC

SET DML ATOMICITY

SET DML ATOMICITY AT { ROW STATEMENT } LEVEL

SET MULTITRANSACTION

SET MULTITRANSACTION { ON OFF }

SETOPT

SETOPT { CLEAR GENERAL { ScanAccess JoinAlgorithm } [ , ... ] BEGIN { GENERAL { ScanAccess JoinAlgorithm }} [ ; ... ] END }

Scan Access

[NO] { SERIALSCAN INDEXSCAN HASHSCAN SORTINDEX }

Join Algorithm

[NO] { NESTEDLOOP NLJ SORTMERGE SMJ }

SET PRINTRULES

SET PRINTRULES [ ON OFF ]

SET SESSION

SET SESSION { ISOLATION LEVEL { RR CS RC RU REPEATABLE READ SERIALIZABLE CURSOR STABILITY READ COMMITTED READ UNCOMMITTED :HostVariable1 } PRIORITY { Priority :HostVariable2 } LABEL { 'LabelString' :HostVariable3 } ConstraintType [ , ... ] CONSTRAINTS { DEFERRED IMMEDIATE } DML ATOMICITY AT { STATEMENT ROW } LEVEL [{ PARALLEL NO }] FILL } [ , ... ]

SET TRANSACTION

SET TRANSACTION { ISOLATION LEVEL { RR CS RC RU REPEATABLE READ SERIALIZABLE CURSOR STABILITY READ COMMITTED READ UNCOMMITTED :HostVariable1 } PRIORITY { Priority :HostVariable2 } LABEL { 'LabelString' :HostVariable3 } ConstraintType [ , ... ] CONSTRAINTS { DEFERRED IMMEDIATE } DML ATOMICITY AT { STATEMENT ROW } LEVEL } [ , ... ]

SET USER TIMEOUT

SET USER TIMEOUT [TO] {{ TimeoutValue :HostVariable } [ SECONDS MINUTES ] DEFAULT MAXIMUM }

SQLEXPLAIN

SQLEXPLAIN :HostVariable

START DBE

START DBE 'DBEnvironmentName' [AS ConnectionName'] [MULTI] [ BUFFER = (DataBufferPages, LogBufferPages) TRANSACTION = MaxTransactions MAXIMUM TIMEOUT = { TimeoutValue [ SECONDS MINUTES ] NONE } DEFAULT TIMEOUT = { TimeoutValue [ SECONDS MINUTES ] MAXIMUM } RUN BLOCK = ControlBlockPages ] |,...|

START DBE NEW

START DBE 'DBEnvironmentName' [AS 'ConnectionName'] [MULTI] NEW [{ DUAL AUDIT } |...| LOG BUFFER = (DataBufferPages, LogBufferPages) LANG = LanguageName TRANSACTION = MaxTransactions MAXIMUM TIMEOUT = { TimeoutValue [ SECONDS MINUTES ] NONE } DEFAULT TIMEOUT = { TimeoutValue [ SECONDS MINUTES ] MAXIMUM } RUN BLOCK = ControlBlockPages DEFAULT PARTITION = { DefaultPartitionNumber NONE } COMMENT PARTITION = { CommentPartitionNumber DEFAULT NONE } MAXPARTITIONS = MaximumNumberOfPartitions AUDIT NAME = 'AuditName' { COMMENT DATA DEFINITION STORAGE AUTHORIZATION SECTION ALL } |...| AUDIT ELEMENTS DBEFile0Definition DBELogDefinition ] |,...|

DBEFile0Definition

DBEFILE0 DBEFILE DBEFile0ID WITH PAGES = DBEFile0Size, NAME = 'SystemFileName1'

DBELogDefinition

LOG DBEFILE DBELog1ID [AND DBELog2ID] WITH PAGES = DBELogSize, NAME = 'SystemFileName2' [AND 'SystemFileName3']

START DBE NEWLOG

START DBE 'DBEnvironmentName' [AS 'ConnectionName'] [MULTI] NEWLOG [{ ARCHIVE DUAL AUDIT } |...| LOG BUFFER = (DataBufferPages, LogBufferPages) TRANSACTION = MaxTransactions MAXIMUM TIMEOUT = { TimeoutValue [ SECONDS MINUTES ] NONE } DEFAULT TIMEOUT = { TimeoutValue [ SECONDS MINUTES ] MAXIMUM } RUN BLOCK = ControlBlockPages DEFAULT PARTITION = { DefaultPartitionNumber NONE } COMMENT PARTITION = { CommentPartitionNumber DEFAULT NONE } MAXPARTITIONS = MaximumNumberOfPartitions ARG CHOICE="PLAIN">AUDIT NAME = 'AuditName' { COMMENT DATA DEFINITION STORAGE AUTHORIZATION SECTION ALL } |...| AUDIT ELEMENTS ] |,...| NewLogDefinition

NewLogDefinition

LOG DBEFILE DBELog1ID AND DBELog2ID WITH PAGES = DBELogSize, NAME = 'SystemFileName1' [AND 'SystemFileName2']

STOP DBE

STOP DBE

TERMINATE USER

TERMINATE USER { DBEUserID SessionID }

TRANSFER OWNERSHIP

TRANSFER OWNERSHIP OF {[TABLE] [Owner.] TableName [VIEW] [Owner.] ViewName PROCEDURE [Owner.] ProcedureName GROUP GroupName } TO NewOwnerName

TRUNCATE TABLE

TRUNCATE TABLE [Owner.] TableName

UPDATE

UPDATE {[Owner.] TableName [Owner.] ViewName } SET { ColumnName = { Expression 'LongColumnIOString' NULL }} [ , ... ] [ WHERE SearchCondition]

LongColumnIOString

{[ < {[PathName/] FileName % SharedMemoryAddress }] [{ > >> >! } [PathName/] { FileName CharString$ CharString$CharString } > % { SharedMemoryAddress $ }]} |...|

UPDATE STATISTICS

UPDATE STATISTICS FOR TABLE {[Owner.] TableName SYSTEM.SystemViewName }

UPDATE WHERE CURRENT

UPDATE {[Owner.] TableName [Owner.] ViewName } SET { ColumnName = { Expression 'LongColumnIOString' NULL }} [ , ... ] WHERE CURRENT OF CursorName

LongColumnIOString

{[ < { [PathName/] FileName % SharedMemoryAddress }] [{ > >> >! } [PathName/] { FileName CharString$ CharString$CharString } > % { SharedMemoryAddress $ }]} |...|

VALIDATE

VALIDATE [DROP SETOPTINFO] { MODULE { [Owner.] ModuleName } [ , ... ] PROCEDURE { [Owner.] ProcedureName } [ , ... ] ALL { MODULES PROCEDURES }}

WHENEVER

WHENEVER { SQLERROR SQLWARNING NOT FOUND } { STOP CONTINUE GOTO Label GO TO Label }

WHILE

WHILE Condition DO [Statement; [ ... ] ] ENDWHILE;

Feedback to webmaster