Embedded SQL commands must appear in certain locations
within the COBOL program.
Each embedded SQL command must be accompanied by a prefix and
a suffix and followed by punctuation appropriate to the location
of the command in the program. Comments may be placed within
an embedded command, and non-numeric
literals in embedded commands may be
continued from one line to another.
Location of SQL Commands |
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Put SQL commands, including their prefix and suffix, within
columns 8 through 72 of either the DATA DIVISION or
the PROCEDURE DIVISION:
BEGIN DECLARE SECTION and END DECLARE SECTION can appear
in the FILE SECTION, the WORKING-STORAGE SECTION, or the
LINKAGE SECTION of the DATA DIVISION.
INCLUDE SQLCA must appear in the WORKING-STORAGE SECTION of the DATA
DIVISION.
All other SQL commands must appear in the PROCEDURE DIVISION.
Prefix and Suffix |
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Precede each SQL command with the prefix EXEC SQL and
terminate each SQL command with the suffix END-EXEC.
The complete prefix or suffix must be specified on one line.
For example, the following are legal:
EXEC SQL SELECT PARTNAME INTO :PARTNAME
FROM PURCHDB.PARTS WHERE PARTNUMBER = :PARTNUMBER END-EXEC.
EXEC SQL SELECT PARTNAME
INTO :PARTNAME
FROM PURCHDB.PARTS
WHERE PARTNUMBER = :PARTNUMBER
END-EXEC.
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However, the following is not legal:
EXEC
SQL SELECT PARTNAME INTO :PARTNAME
FROM PURCHDB.PARTS WHERE PARTNUMBER = :PARTNUMBER END-EXEC.
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Punctuation |
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The punctuation you use to terminate an embedded SQL command
depends on its location in the program.
In the DATA DIVISION, always terminate the SQL command
with a period:
EXEC SQL INCLUDE SQLCA END-EXEC.
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In the PROCEDURE DIVISION, terminate the SQL command with
a period if
it constitutes an entire COBOL sentence:
EXEC SQL CONNECT TO '../sampledb/PartsDBE'
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Also use a period
to terminate the SQL command if
it is the final statement in a COBOL sentence; if, however,
other statements appear after the SQL command in a COBOL
sentence, use COBOL rules to determine appropriate
punctuation:
IF RESPONSE-PREFIX = "1"
EXEC SQL SELECT * FROM PURCHDB.PARTS
INTO :MYARRAY
FROM PURCHDB.PARTS END-EXEC
PERFORM DISPLAY-SELECT-ALL
ELSE
IF RESPONSE-PREFIX = "2"
EXEC SQL DELETE FROM PURCHDB.PARTS END-EXEC
PERFORM DISPLAY-DELETE-ALL
ELSE
EXEC SQL RELEASE END-EXEC.
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COBOL Comments |
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You may insert comment lines within or between embedded SQL
commands. Denote comment lines by placing an asterisk (*)
in column 7 and entering the comment in columns 8 through 72:
EXEC SQL SELECT PARTNUMBER, PARTNAME
*put the data into the following host variables
INTO :PARTNUMBER, :PARTNAME
*find the data in the following table
FROM PURCHDB.PARTS
*retrieve only data that satisfies this search condition
WHERE PARTNUMBER = :PARTNUMBER
END-EXEC.
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ALLBASE/SQL Comments |
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ALLBASE/SQL comments can be inserted in any line of an SQL statement, except
the last line, by prefixing the comment character with at least one space
followed by two hyphens followed by one space:
EXEC SQL SELECT * FROM PurchDB.Parts {{ -- }}This code selects Parts Table values.
WHERE SalesPrice > 500.
END-EXEC.
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The comment terminates at the end of the current line.
(The decimal point in the 500 improves performance when being compared to
SalesPrice, which also has a decimal; no data type conversion is necessary.)
Continuation Lines |
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The COBOL preprocessor allows you to continue a non-numeric
literal from one line to the next.
Continue the literal through column 72,
enter a hyphen (-) in column 7 of the continuation line,
and enter a quotation mark (!) in column 12 immediately before the
continuation of the literal:
IF PREDEFINED-COMMENT = '5'
EXEC SQL INSERT INTO PURCHDB.VENDORS
(VENDORREMARKS)
VALUES ("This vendor is bad news. Definitely place no
- "no orders.")
END-EXEC
ELSE
EXEC SQL INSERT INTO PURCHDB.VENDORS
(VENDORREMARKS)
VALUES (:VENDORREMARKS)
END-EXEC.
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