HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
Series 920, 922RX, 922LX, 922, 932, 948, and 958 Systems These HP 3000 900 Series systems--including memory, disk storage, and tape backup devices--are each contained in a compact, integrated package about the size of a two-drawer file cabinet, which easily fits into any office environment without special power or environmental requirements. These systems provide attractive upgrades for existing systems. As system demand increases, simple board-swap, field upgrades provide more performance and expanded system configurability. All the HP 3000 900 Series systems run the MPE/XL operating system. The entry member Series 920 supports up to 20 logged-on users, while the top-of-the line Series 958 provides 8.5 times the performance and supports up to 600 users. Taking advantage of PA-RISC and VLSI technology, each is implemented cost-effectively as a single-chip CPU on a single processor board. These systems offer state-of-the-art technology in reliable, high-performance peripherals including an advanced digital data storage (DDS) tape backup unit, which provides high-speed, cost-effective backup. Each DDS cartridge provides 1.3 Gbytes of data storage, or up to 5 Gbytes on a single 120 minute tape with HP TurboSTORE/XL software data compression. These large storage capacities allow many system configurations to be backed up on a single cartridge, eliminating the need for an operator to be present during backup operations. These HP 3000 900 Series systems support up to 2.7 Gbytes of integrated disk storage through next-generation high-capacity disk technology. With external disks, the Series 958 supports up to 34.8 Gbytes of storage.Figure 2-12. HP 3000 Series 948 Package Configuration Maximums 920 922LX 922RX 922 932 948 958 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Performance x 920 1.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.7 6.0 8.5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Memory (Mbytes) 56 128 128 128 128 256 256 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- User license 20 32 64 UL* 64/UL* 64/UL* UL* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Workstations connected 48 152 152 152 250 400 600 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Disks 10 10 10 10 18 28 28 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Integrated disk storage 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 (Gbytes) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Disk storage (Gbytes) 12 12 12 12 22 34.8 34.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tape drives 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- System printers 4 4 4 4 6 8 8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Channel I/O buses 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * UL = unlimited user license Major features * Single chip VLSI CPU; single board processor * Integrated 670-Mbyte disk drive expandable to 2.7-Gbytes internal storage * Integrated DDS tape backup unit with 1.3 Gbytes per cartridge--up to 5 Gbytes with HP TurboSTORE/XL software data compression * 48-bit virtual addressing (Series 920, 922LX, 922RX, 922, 932) * 64-bit virtual addressing (Series 948 and 958) * High-performance floating-point coprocessor (in software for Series 920; optional on Series 948 and 958) * Battery backup, automatic powerfail recovery standard * Standard office power and cooling requirements; compact packaging * MPE/XL operating system System organization The processor communicates with memory and I/O using the HP Precision Bus. The HP Precision Bus provides a 32-bit data path and can support data transfer rates of 20 Mbytes per second. The Precision Bus supports up to three PSI cards on the Series 920, 922, and 932, allowing HP 3000 900 Series systems to be linked to IBM using Bisync and SNA and to other HP 3000 computers in a point-to-point network. The Series 948 and 958 both support up to five PSI cards. The Precision Bus is interfaced to a separate 16-bit wide channel I/O bus (CIB) using a CIB adapter. The CIB supports I/O interfaces to peripheral devices and data communication links. The following table compares features of the different HP 3000 intermediate processors. See figure 2-15 for the HP 3000 Series 920 system structure. Features Comparison 920 922 932 948 958 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Performance x 920 1.0 1.6 2.7 6.0 8.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Virtual addressing 48 bit 48 bit 48 bit 64 bit 64 bit ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CPU cycle time 62.5 ns 80 ns 67 ns 36 ns 20 ns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CPU data cache 64 Kb 32 Kb 128 Kb 512 Kb 512 Kb ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CPU instruction cache 64 Kb 32 Kb 128 Kb 512 Kb 512 Kb ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total cache 128 Kb 64 Kb 256 Kb 1024 Kb 1024 Kb ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pipelining 4 stage 3 stage 3 stage 5 stage 5 stage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TLB on chip (CPU) -- -- -- 64 64 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ External TLB entries 64 4K 4K 8K 8K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Figure 2-13. HP 3000 Series 948, 958 Processor Cache The CPU cache is a high-speed buffer that minimizes the number of relatively slow transactions with main memory. Cache access can provide up to an order of magnitude faster access than main memory. Data modified in the cache is written to memory only when the processor requires more data to be read into cache, when a direct memory access (DMA) operation is performed, or upon a power failure. One of the primary differences between the different members of the HP 3000 intermediate family is the size of their CPU caches. Instruction pipelining Instruction pipelining maximizes the use of processor resources by operating on multiple instructions simultaneously, which allows the execution of one instruction each CPU clock cycle. Separate instruction and execution units facilitate instruction pipelining and provide efficient, parallel use of processor resources. The Series 920 employs a four-stage instruction pipeline that operates on four instructions simultaneously. Each stage takes one CPU cycle and each instruction is processed in four stages: fetch, decode, execute, and store. The net effect is that, except for penalties such as cache misses (which occur infrequently), one instruction completes (exits the pipeline) every CPU cycle. The Series 922 and 932 use a three-stage instruction pipeline. While one instruction is fetched, another instruction is executed, and the result of a third instruction is stored. The Series 948 and 958 employ a five-stage instruction pipeline: fetch, decode, execute, set condition codes, and store results. Floating-point coprocessor For scientific, engineering, and statistical applications that require high performance in floating-point calculations, the Series 922 and 932 come equipped with a hardware coprocessor that significantly accelerates floating-point calculations. The floating-point coprocessor is optional on the Series 948 and 958. The Series 920 provides floating-point operations in software. The floating-point coprocessor supports single (32-bit) and double (64-bit) precision floating-point operands of the ANSI/IEEE 754-1985 standard. The floating-point coprocessor and the CPU operate in parallel, with the CPU performing integer calculations and other functions while the coprocessor performs floating-point calculations. This parallel operation helps provides a high level of performance for applications that require floating-point calculations. Virtual memory management To ensure sufficient expandability to meet growing software needs, HP PA-RISC virtual addresses on the Series 920, 922, and 932 are 48 bits in length, and on the Series 958 and 948 they are 64 bits. PA-RISC divides virtual memory into 65,536 spaces on the Series 920, 922, and 932 and into over four billion spaces on the Series 948 and 958. A space is 4 Gbytes. Each space is further divided into fixed-length 2-Kbyte pages. A single page can contain either code or data. Virtual address translation Because virtual addresses are much larger than physical or real addresses, virtual-to-physical address translation is required. A high-speed RAM buffer called the translation lookaside buffer (TLB) optimizes this task. The TLB can be considered to be a table that holds the most recently referenced virtual addresses and their corresponding physical addresses. When a virtual-to-physical address translation occurs, the TLB checks to ensure that the currently executing process has sufficient page access authorization to perform the requested read, write, or execute access. If the address is not in the TLB, a hashing scheme is used to find the required code or data in main memory. If the instruction or data is on a page that is not in main memory, a page fault occurs, and the required page is copied from disk. Together, the TLB and hashing scheme provide a very fast and efficient means for retrieving code and data from main memory and disk. Memory subsystem The main memory capacities of these HP 3000 900 Series systems are shown in the table below. Memory is supplied in 8-, 16-, or 32-Mbyte increments. The 8-Mbyte boards use 1-Mbit fast-page dynamic RAMS, while the 16- and 32-Mbyte boards use 4-Mbit fast-page dynamic RAMs. Main memory has battery backup to ensure that information is maintained for a minimum of 15 minutes in the event of an interruption in AC power. Automatic powerfail recovery allows the operating system to be restarted and processing to continue without data loss, upon resumption of power. Error correcting code (ECC) memory is standard on all 900 Series systems. Single-bit errors are automatically detected and corrected to ensure data integrity. Multibit errors are automatically detected, and a high-priority interrupt is sent to the system software for appropriate action. System Standard memory Expansion increments Maximum Memory (Mbytes) (Mbytes) (Mbytes) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 920 24 8, 16, and 32 56 922LX 24 8, 16, and 32 128 922RX 32 8, 16, and 32 128 922 32 8, 16, and 32 128 932 32 8, 16, and 32 128 948 64 8, 16, and 32 256 958 96 8, 16, and 32 256 Subsystems Buses The HP 3000 Series 920 through 958 systems employ a two-level bus hierarchy for high-performance I/O throughput--the precision bus and the channel I/O bus.Figure 2-14. HP 3000 Series 920 System Structure Precision bus The precision bus is the communication path between the CPU, main memory, and the channel adapters. The precision bus provides a 32-bit data path, runs synchronously with an 8-MHz clock, and supports an average data transfer rate of 20 Mbytes per second. In addition, the precision bus directly supports a PSI card to provide point-to-point, system-to-system communication between HP 3000 computers and communication to IBM systems using Bisync and SNA. Channel I/O bus adapters The channel I/O bus (CIB) adapter, or channel adapter, for short, provides the interface between the precision bus and the CIB. The channel adapter serves as a high-performance channel multiplexer providing full DMA for all HP-FL, HP-IB, and LAN I/O Channels and synchronizing the different speeds and bandwidths of the precision bus and the CIB. DMA allows large blocks of data to be transferred to and from main memory with minimum CPU intervention, thereby reducing CPU overhead. Channel I/O buses The HP 3000 intermediate systems include one CIB. The Series 948 and 958 also have one precision bus adapter (PBA) as standard equipment. Each CIB supports up to six cards for interfacing peripheral devices and providing data communication functions. The CIB provides a 16-bit wide, bidirectional data path that runs synchronously with a 4-MHz clock. Precision bus adapter The precision bus adapter (PBA) is a single card that combines the functionality of a channel adapter and the channel I/O bus and connects to a single HP-IB or HP-FL card. The PBA was developed to extend the I/O capacity for the Series 948 and 958, because of their greater processor performance. The PBA comes preconfigured with either an HP-IB or an HP-FL card included. The PBA is not supported on the Series 920, 922, and 932. Memory-mapped I/O Input/output operations are initiated and controlled using a memory-mapped I/O scheme, such that the processor only needs to access reserved virtual or physical memory locations to control I/O operations. Memory-mapped I/O allows for streamlined I/O operations and increases system performance in I/O intensive applications. Peripheral connections Disks, tapes, and printers are connected using an HP-IB channel, which supports the 8-bit wide, IEEE-488 standard HP-IB. Each HP-IB channel supports up to six peripheral devices. In addition, external disks can be connected using HP-FL, a high-speed fiber-optic link with a data transfer rate of up to 5 Mbytes per second and up to a distance of 500 meters. HP-FL and dual fiber-optic disk drives are required for the high-availability products, HP Mirrored Disk/XL and HP SPU Switchover/XL. Workstation and serial connections Connections for workstations, serial printers, and other serial devices are provided through DTCs for multiuser systems. DTCs are distributed over an IEEE-802.3 standard LAN. This flexible connection scheme allows DTCs to be situated in the department that they serve, saving the cost and effort of running cables from each workstation back to the processor. The DTC48 can support up to 48 direct-connect ports, or 36 modem ports, or a combination of the two. The DTC16 supports 16 direct-connect ports, or 12 modem ports, or a combination of the two. Both RS-232 and RS-422 interfaces are supported. PCs can also be connected to the HP 3000 through HP LAN Manager and Novell NetWare LANs. Physical connections are made with HP EtherTwist, a LAN scheme that uses unshielded, twisted pair (or phonewire). Terminal connections are not supported on the standard servers. Instead all PC workstations are connected to the server using a LAN. Terminal connections can be added to the server by purchasing an additional terminal connection software product.Figure 2-15. HP 3000 Series 948 I/O Attachments System-to-system data communication HP NS/XL Network Services provides virtual terminal, network file transfer, remote file and database access, network interprocess communication, and remote process management between HP 3000s on an IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet LAN using HP LAN Link/XL, or over wide areas using the HP DTC X.25 XL Network Link or the HP NS/XL Point-to-Point Link. For system-to-system, point-to-point communication to other HP 3000s, and connection to IBM systems via SNA and Bisync, the Programmable Serial PSI card is connected directly to the Precision Bus. In multivendor interoperational environments, the HP 3000 supports ARPA Telnet and FTP, and OSI X.400 messaging services and FTAM. HP SNA Link/XL and HP BSC Link/XL are provided for HP-to-IBM system communication in SNA and Bisync environments, respectively. Network services over these links include HP SNA IMF/XL for SNA 3270 emulation; HP SNA NRJE/XL for SNA remote job entry; HP LU6.2 API, an LU6.2 program-to-program application interface; HP SNA Distributed Host Command Facility/XL (HP SNA DHCF/XL) for IBM 3270/PC access to the HP 3000; and BSC RJE/XL for Bisync remote job entry. For detailed network information, please refer to Chapter 5 on "Networks". System packaging The HP 3000 900 Series intermediate systems are available in a compact, attractive cabinet measuring 0.7 meter high and 0.375 meter wide, comparable in size to a desk-high, two-drawer file cabinet. The cabinet has been uniquely designed to hold an entire modular system in a small amount of space, maximizing the efficiency of office or computer room space. It is capable of holding the SPU, one digital data storage device, and up to four disk drives. Additional peripherals are supported external to the system cabinet. Digital data storage Digital audio tape (DAT), the latest development in the use of helical-scan recording technology, provides digitally encoded, high-quality data storage. The DAT unit stores data on tape using the digital data storage (DDS) format. This format is used by numerous other tape drive manufacturers allowing a fully compatible tape drive technology. The DDS backup unit integrated in the HP 3000 Series 920 through 958 systems store 1.3 Gbytes of data on a standard DAT cassette, which measures only 73 by 54 by 10.5 mm, slightly smaller than an audio cassette tape. Up to 4.7 Gbytes can be stored on a single 120-minute tape using HP TurboSTORE/XL data compression. This large capacity storage on a single DAT cassette eliminates the need for operator intervention during backup and offers a convenient and compact storage medium. High data reliability is achieved through read-after-write and additional three-level error detection and correction circuitry. Disk storage These HP 3000 900 Series systems take advantage of state-of-the-art disk storage devices by integrating up to four 5 1/4-inch 670-Mbyte disk drive units into the system, providing 2.7 Gbytes of disk storage. The storage devices offer reliable, high-capacity, high-performance, random-access mass storage. This is accomplished by the use of advanced electronics and by embedding the servo and data information on the same track, thereby reducing component count and improving reliability. Key features of the integrated disk drives include: * High reliability (mean time between failures of over 100,000 hours) * Enhanced Small Device Interface * Extensive use of HP's state-of-the-art VLSI processes Environmental Specifications with Integrated Peripherals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Regulatory compliance UL-listed, CSA-certified, compliant with IEC 950 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Electromagnetic Complies with FCC Rules and Regulations, Part 15, Subpart J, interference as a Class A computing device. Manufacturer's Declaration to German FTZ 1046. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Input current Nominal: 100-120V, 50/60 Hz Range: 90-132 VAC, 47-63 Hz Maximum: 12A, 200-240V, 50/60 Hz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Power consumption Series 920 - 1900 BTU/hour Series 932 - 1580 BTU/hour Series 958 - 2810 BTU/hour -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Physical dimensions Height: 750 mm (29.5 in.) Width: 375 mm (14.8 in.) Depth: 710 mm (27.9 in.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Weight 110 kg (244 lb) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Temperature Operating: 5 degrees to 40 degrees C (41 degrees to 104 degrees F) Nonoperating: -40 degrees to 70 degrees C (-40 degrees to 158 degrees F) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Relative humidity Operating: 20 to 80%, noncondensing Nonoperating: 5 to 80%, noncondensing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Altitude (operating) Up to 3.0 km (10,000 ft) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Battery backup time 15 minutes (minimum) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Acoustics 5.8 bels sound power (A) below 30 degrees C -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Radiated susceptibility 10 V/m 10 kHz-1 GHz immunity 3 V/m 14kHz-1GHz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Conducted susceptibility 3 volts RMS 30 Hz-50 kHz 1 volt RMS 50 kHz-400 MHz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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