HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
900 Series HP 3000 Computer Systems ALLBASE/SQL COBOL Application Programming Guide HP Part No. 36216-90006 Printed in U.S.A. Edition Fourth Edition E0692
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Reproduction, adaptation, or | |translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as | |allowed under the copyright laws. | ________________________________________________________________________ Copyright (c) 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992 by Hewlett-Packard Company ________________________________________________________________________ |Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to | |restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights | |in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013. | |Rights for non-DoD U.S. Government Departments and agencies are as set| |forth in FAR 52.227-19 (c) (1,2). | | | |Hewlett-Packard Company | |3000 Hanover Street | |Palo Alto, CA 94304 U.S.A. | ________________________________________________________________________ Restricted Rights Legend Printed 1992 Printing History The following table lists the printings of this document, together with the respective release dates for each edition. The software version indicates the version of the software product at the time this document was issued. Many product releases do not require changes to the document. Therefore, do not expect a one-to-one correspondence between product releases and document editions. Edition Date Software Version --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- First Edition December 1987 36216-02A.01.00 Second Edition October 1988 36216-02A.12.00 Third Edition October 1989 36216-02A.20.00 Fourth Edition June 1992 36216-02A.E1.00Preface ALLBASE/SQL is a relational database management system for use on HP 3000 Series 900 computers. ALLBASE/SQL (Structured Query Language) is the language you use to define and maintain data in an ALLBASE/SQL DBEnvironment. This manual presents the techniques of embedding ALLBASE/SQL within COBOL language source code. This manual is intended as a learning tool and a reference guide for COBOL programmers. It presumes the reader has a working knowledge of COBOL, the MPE/iX operating system, and ALLBASE/SQL relational database concepts. MPE/iX, Multiprogramming Executive with Integrated POSIX, is the latest in a series of forward-compatible operating systems for the HP 3000 line of computers. In HP documentation and in talking with HP 3000 users, you will encounter references to MPE XL, the direct predecessor of MPE/iX. MPE/iX is a superset of MPE XL. All programs written for MPE XL will run without change under MPE/iX. You can continue to use MPE XL system documentation, although it may not refer to features added to the operating system to support POSIX (for example, hierarchical directories). This manual contains both basic and in-depth information about embedding ALLBASE/SQL. Code examples are based, for the most part, on the sample database, PartsDBE, which accompanies ALLBASE/SQL. Refer to Appendix C in the ALLBASE/SQL Reference Manual for information about the structure of PartsDBE and for listings of the sample database. * Chapter 1, "Getting Started with ALLBASE/SQL Programming in COBOL," is an introduction to ALLBASE/SQL programming which includes information on developing, using, and maintaining programs on the MPE XL operating system. The remaining chapters focus primarily on embedding SQL commands in COBOL application programs. * Chapter 2, "Using the ALLBASE/SQL COBOL Preprocessor," explains the ALLBASE/SQL preprocessor and how to invoke it. * Chapter 3, "Embedding SQL Commands," gives rules on where and how to embed SQL commands. * Chapter 4, "Host Variables," describes how to define and use variables to transfer data between your COBOL program and an ALLBASE/SQL DBEnvironment. * Chapter 5, "Runtime Status Checking and the SQLCA," defines ways to monitor and handle successful and unsuccessful SQL command execution. Chapters 6 through 13 address the various ways to manipulate data in an ALLBASE/SQL COBOL program. * Chapter 6, "Overview of Data Manipulation," is an overview of data manipulation and the techniques for executing data manipulation commands. * Chapter 7, "Simple Data Manipulation," explains how to operate on one row at a time. * Chapter 8, "Processing with Cursors," explains the use of a cursor to process a multiple row query result one row at a time. * Chapter 9, "BULK Table Processing," examines the processing of multiple rows at a time. * Chapter 10, "Using Dynamic Operations," covers the use of ALLBASE/SQL commands that are preprocessed at runtime. * Chapter 11, "Programming with Constraints," discusses ways to ensure the integrity of your data. * Chapter 12, "Programming with LONG Columns," shows how to use columns much longer than regular columns. * Chapter 13, "Programming with ALLBASE/SQL Functions," describes ALLBASE/SQL functions, including date/time functions and Tuple Identification (TID) functions. Chapters 2, 3, 5, 7 through 10, and chapter 13 contain sample programs for use with the sample database. Conventions UPPERCASE In a syntax statement, commands and keywords are shown in uppercase characters. The characters must be entered in the order shown; however, you can enter the characters in either uppercase or lowercase. For example: COMMAND can be entered as any of the following: command Command COMMAND It cannot, however, be entered as: comm com_mand comamnd italics In a syntax statement or an example, a word in italics represents a parameter or argument that you must replace with the actual value. In the following example, you must replace filename with the name of the file: COMMAND filename bold italics In a syntax statement, a word in bold italics represents a parameter that you must replace with the actual value. In the following example, you must replace filename with the name of the file: COMMAND(filename) punctuation In a syntax statement, punctuation characters (other than brackets, braces, vertical bars, and ellipses) must be entered exactly as shown. In the following example, the parentheses and colon must be entered: (filename):(filename) underlining Within an example that contains interactive dialog, user input and user responses to prompts are indicated by underlining. In the following example, yes is the user's response to the prompt: Do you want to continue? >> yes { } In a syntax statement, braces enclose required elements. When several elements are stacked within braces, you must select one. In the following example, you must select either ON or OFF: COMMAND { ON } { OFF} [ ] In a syntax statement, brackets enclose optional elements. In the following example, OPTION can be omitted: COMMAND filename [OPTION] When several elements are stacked within brackets, you can select one or none of the elements. In the following example, you can select OPTION or parameter or neither. The elements cannot be repeated. COMMAND filename [ OPTION ] [ parameter] Conventions (continued) [...] In a syntax statement, horizontal ellipses enclosed in brackets indicate that you can repeatedly select the element(s) that appear within the immediately preceding pair of brackets or braces. In the example below, you can select parameter zero or more times. Each instance of parameter must be preceded by a comma: [,parameter][...] In the example below, you only use the comma as a delimiter if parameter is repeated; no comma is used before the first occurrence of parameter: [parameter][,...] |...| In a syntax statement, horizontal ellipses enclosed in vertical bars indicate that you can select more than one element within the immediately preceding pair of brackets or braces. However, each particular element can only be selected once. In the following example, you must select A, AB, BA, or B. The elements cannot be repeated. { A} |...| { B} ... In an example, horizontal or vertical ellipses indicate where portions of an example have been omitted. In a syntax statement, the space symbol shows a required blank. In the following example, parameter and parameter must be separated with a blank: (parameter) (parameter) The symbol indicates a key on the keyboard. For example, RETURN represents the carriage return key or Shift represents the shift key. CTRLcharacterCTRLcharacter indicates a control character. For example, CTRLY means that you press the control key and the Y key simultaneously.
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