HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
Lesson 6 Copying Files
Lesson 6 presents the commands needed to copy files.
* the command to copy a file: COPY
* the command to remove system security for a file: RELEASE
* the command to restore system security for a file: SECURE
* conserving disk space
Using the COPY command
To copy a file, use the COPY command, specifying the name of the file
that you want to copy and the name that you want the new, identical copy
to have.
First you must be in the group in which the file is found.
Enter:
LISTFILE DOCUMENT.@,6Return
Find the group in which the file called DOCUMENT is located.
If necessary, use CHGROUP to move into that group.
To make a copy of DOCUMENT, calling the new copy ANEWDOC, do this:
COPY FROM=DOCUMENT;TO=ANEWDOCReturn
Here is what the parameters do:
* The FROM= parameter tells the computer which file to copy from.
The original, from which the copy is made, is called the source
file.
* The TO= parameter tells the computer what to call the copy. The
to file is called the target or destination file.
Use LISTFILE to verify that a new file called ANEWDOC appears. Use PRINT
to look at the file:
PRINT ANEWDOCReturn
A simpler COPY.
The COPY command permits you to shorten the command line a little. You
can leave out ;FROM= and ;TO=.
Do this:
COPY DOCUMENT,OLDDOCReturn
NOTE In place of the semicolon ( ; ) is a comma ( , ) to separate the
source file from the destination file.
Use LISTFILE to be certain that a new file called OLDDOC now appears.
COPY DOCUMENT,OLDDOC
is the same as
COPY FROM=DOCUMENT;TO=OLDDOC.
NOTE A few commands such as COPY permit you to use a somewhat simpler
command line. Those MPE/iX commands with an alternative, simpler
syntax are noted in the help facility.
Copy to an existing file.
You used COPY the first time to create a new file, a duplicate of the
source file.
Suppose that you now try to copy the file ANEWDOC back to the original
called DOCUMENT. The source becomes the destination, and the destination
becomes the source of the COPY operation.
Enter this:
COPY FROM=ANEWDOC;TO=DOCUMENTReturn
or enter this:
COPY ANEWDOC,DOCUMENTReturn
Do you see something like this on the screen:
PURGE OLD DOCUMENT.MYGROUP.ANYACCT?
The file DOCUMENT already exists. The computer needs instruction from
you.
Copying from one file to an already existing file implies the destruction
of the destination file.
Copy over an existing file
In order to copy ANEWDOC into the existing file DOCUMENT, the computer
must do this:
* First destroy the contents of DOCUMENT.
* Then copy the contents of ANEWDOC into the newly emptied
destination file.
This process is called overwriting. Before doing that, the computer
needs instructions from you.
What to do:
* If you want to continue the COPY process (permit the
overwriting--and destruction--of the destination file), enter YES
or Y at the prompt question.
* If you want to stop the COPY process (prohibit the overwriting),
enter NO or N at the prompt question.
This time, answer NO. This prevents the overwriting. You should see this
on the screen:
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| :PURGE OLD DOCUMENT.MYGROUP.ANYACCT? NO |
| NO COPY WAS DONE (CIERR 9113) |
| : |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
Use COPY again, just as you did above, but this time,
answer YES to the prompt. When you do that, you should see this on the
screen:
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| :COPY FROM=ANEWDOC;TO=DOCUMENT |
| PURGE OLD? DOCUMENT.MYGROUP.ANYACCT? (Y/N) YES |
| : |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
More practice with COPY
Make sure that you are in your home group.
Enter:
CHGROUPReturn
NOTE Recall that files can be locked. A file that has been locked with
a lockword cannot be copied by anyone who does not know how to
unlock the file. The topic of locked files is covered in the
tutorial 900 Series HP3000: Advanced Skills.
Do this:
Use LISTFILE to find the file names in the group that you are in, in the
PUB group, and in some OTHERGRP (your third group).
To get a feeling for what you can and cannot do with COPY (at your
current level of experience and authority), try some experiments:
* Copy one file in the group that you are in and give the copy a new
name.
* Copy one file in the group that you are in and try to give it the
name of another file that already exists.
* Copy one file from the PUB group to the group that you are now in.
* Copy one file from the OTHERGRP into the group that you are in.
You should succeed at the first three.
The fourth copying task should produce an error message. That is because
the file you are trying to copy from the third group into your current
group has not been released for copying.
Releasing file securitywith the RELEASE command
The MPE/iX command that removes the security provisions for a file is
RELEASE.
Use CHGROUP to get into your OTHERGRP group.
Use the editor to create a small text file called TEST. Write in it
anything that you like. Then save the file and exit the editor.
To remove the security provisions of the file TEST, enter:
RELEASE TESTReturn
NOTE In order for a user to release a file, the user must be the creator
of the file, or the following error message appears:
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| ACTION DISALLOWED SINCE NOT CREATOR OF FILE (CIERR 351) |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
Copying from another group
To copy a file from another group to the group that you are in:
* You must know the qualified name of the file that you want to
copy.
* You must be the account manager of the account in which both
groups reside.
or
* The owner of the file that you want to copy must release that file
for you with the RELEASE command.
or
* Group security must be organized to allow you access to the group.
Do this:
COPY DOCUMENT.MYGROUP,DOCUMENTReturn
Group security allows you to copy a file from your home group into your
current group, without first having to release the file. You also do not
need to specify the name of the group you are currently in if the files
is to be duplicated in that group.
Now use CHGROUP to return to MYGROUP:
Enter:
CHGROUPReturn
Then enter this:
COPY TEST.OTHERGRP,TESTReturn
Use LISTFILE to check to see that a copy of TEST now appears in MYGROUP.
The copying worked this time because you had previously used the RELEASE
command to remove normal security from the file TEST.
Default names in copying
MPE/iX makes assumptions when you copy files.
Default group name.
MPE/iX assumes that the file that you want to copy is in your current
group. If you want to copy a file from another group, you must specify
the partly qualified file name (filename.groupname).
MPE/iX assumes that you want the copy of the file to reside in your
current group.
In the example above, MPE/iX knows that you are logged on to MYGROUP. So,
unless you specify otherwise, it assumes that you want the copy of TEST
to reside in MYGROUP.
The command above could just as easily be accomplished with this form:
COPY TEST.OTHERGRP, TEST
The effect would be just the same. A copy of TEST would appear in
MYGROUP. Try it with another file in your group OTHERGRP.
Default file name.
MPE/iX also assumes when you copy a file from another group that you want
the file in your current group to have the same name.
COPY TEST.OTHERGRP puts a copy of TEST into MYGROUP. The copy created in
MYGROUP is also called TEST.
Copy and change file name.
You can use COPY to copy a file from one group to another group and give
it a new name in the destination group.
Do
this:
COPY TEST.OTHERGRP,TEST2Return
The computer puts a copy of TEST from OTHERGRP into MYGROUP and calls the
copy TEST2. In this case, MPE/iX assumes once again that you want the
copy of the file in your current group; but, because you specified a new
file name, COPY gives that name to the copy it put into MYGROUP.
Try copying in the other direction now.
Do this:
COPY TEST2,TEST3.OTHERGRPReturn
Do you get an error message? You should.
* You can pull a copy of a file from another group if the security
has been released.
* You cannot push a copy of a file from one group to another group
unless you have account manager capability, or unless you have
security access to that group.
PUB is a special case of account security (Figure 5-1).
![[]](../../pic3k/M012143/FFN63c50.gif)
Figure 5-1. PUB and Your Home Group: Relaxed Security
Files in the PUB group are available to users in other groups, unless
those files have been protected in some special way (by a lockword, for
instance).
All of the files in your home group are available to you (the user).
Notice, though, that you cannot push a file to the PUB group (keep a file
into the PUB group while working in MYGROUP) unless you have account
manager capability, or unless you have security access to that group.
Standard security is maintained
between other groups (Figure 5-2).
![[]](../../pic3k/M012143/FFN73c50.gif)
Figure 5-2. Other Groups: Strict Security
Files cannot be read (looked at) or copied from a non-PUB, non-home
group, unless those files are released, or unless you have account
manager capability, or unless you have access to that group.
Similarly, you cannot push a file into another group unless you have
account manager capability, or unless you have security access to that
group.
Group to group security:what works
The concept of account security becomes a little clearer in the context
of copying and deleting files.
What works depends on a number of
factors. Assume that:
* MYGROUP is your home group
* you do not have AM capability
* the file that you want to work with has not been released with the
RELEASE command
Tables 5-2, 5-3, and 5-4 illustrate what you can do, depending upon which
group that you are currently working in.
Table 5-2. You Are in PUB
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| FILE LOCATED IN | READ FILE | SAVE OR ERASE IN |
| | | ORIGINAL LOCATION |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| PUB | Yes | Yes |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| MYGROUP | Yes | Yes |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| OTHERGRP | No | No |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 5-3. You Are in MYGROUP (Your Home Group)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| FILE LOCATED IN | READ FILE | SAVE OR ERASE IN |
| | | ORIGINAL LOCATION |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| PUB | Yes | No |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| MYGROUP | Yes | Yes |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| OTHERGRP | No | No |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 5-4. You Are in OTHERGRP (Not PUB, Not Home)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| FILE LOCATED IN | READ FILE | SAVE OR ERASE IN |
| | | ORIGINAL LOCATION |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| PUB | Yes | No |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| MYGROUP | Yes | Yes |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| OTHERGRP | Yes | Yes |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
| ANOTHER GROUP | No | No |
| | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reinstating system security to a file
Any file that you release loses almost all protection from other users,
unless it has a lockword. Other users in other groups or accounts can do
the following:
* read the file
* copy the file
* edit the file
* erase the file
The SECURE command.
Once the file is copied, it should always have the system security
restored to it. To do this, use the MPE/iX SECURE command.
Get into OTHERGRP.
CHGROUP OTHERGRPReturn
Enter this to reinstate the security on TEST:
SECURE TESTReturn
This action ensures that no unauthorized access of your file can occur.
You can use LISTFILE to discover the kind of security that is in effect
for a file.
Do this:
LISTFILE TEST,3Return
Do you get a screenful of information? Much of the information in this
display is intended for advanced users.
Look in the right column, where it says SECURITY IS ON. This tells you
that TEST has not been released.
Now release TEST:
RELEASE TESTReturn
Check to see the security status of TEST.
LISTFILE TEST,3Return
Now, reinstate the security for the file TEST.
Enter:
SECURE TESTReturn
Conserving disk space
You may have given little thought to the possibility of running out of
disk storage on the computer.
It is unlikely. But it can happen, especially if you keep copies of
various versions of large files.
The system manager can set limits on the amount of disk space that those
files can occupy.
If you run out of space, you get an error message on the screen.
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| OUT OF DISC SPACE (FSERR 46) |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
There are two things you can do:
* Ask your system manager to increase the amount of disk space that
you are allowed.
* Free disk space by having some of your files stored to tape and
then erase those files from the disk by using PURGE.