HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
Lesson 4 More About the Editor
Lesson 4 presents these useful text-related tasks:
* the command to join files together: JOIN
* executing MPE/iX commands from within the editor
* using the BREAK key to suspend a program or command
* EDIT/3000 safety files ( K files) and how to recover them
Joining files together: JOIN
When you are editing one file, you can add the contents of another file
to the file you are working on by using the JOIN command. This process
is often called appending.
The JOIN command expects you to specify the following:
* which file you want added to the one that you are working on
* where you want the file added (at the beginning, at the end, or
somewhere in the middle)
Use the editor to create a three-line file by typing the following:
This is line 1 of the file DRAFT.Return
This is the second line of DRAFT.Return
This is the last line of DRAFT.Return
Exit out of the add line mode by typing the following:
//Return
Now, save this file as DRAFT by entering:
KEEP DRAFTReturn
Use
DELETE ALLReturn
Now start a file that looks like the following:
This is the file DRAFT2.Return
This is a very short file.Return
This is line 3.Return
This is line 4.Return
This is the end of the file DRAFT2.Return
Again, stop adding lines with //Return. Save this file as DRAFT2 by
entering:
KEEP DRAFT2Return
Listing files from within the editor.
Make sure that you are in the editor's command mode.
To do a quick check to see if both files are saved to disk, you can
execute the system command LISTFILE from within the editor.
At the editor prompt, enter:
:LISTFILEReturn
Did you enter a colon (:) ahead of the LISTFILE command? You must do it
that way.
It will look something like this on the screen:
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| /:LISTFILE |
| |
| FILENAME |
| |
| DOCUMENT DRAFT DRAFT2 K1901102 |
| |
| / |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
NOTE LISTFILE is not an editor command, but an MPE/iX command. Putting
a colon (:) ahead of the command tells the editor to execute an
MPE/iX command.
Not all MPE/iX commands can be executed from within a program, and
not all programs allow you to execute MPE/iX commands. For
information about commands, refer to the online help facility. For
information about a program or application, refer to the
documentation for the program or application in question.
Clear the workspace by entering:
DELETE ALLReturn
NOTE Remember that clearing the editor workspace erases the area of
memory that the computer is using for your current editing. It
does not clear the screen. Refer to table 2-1 in module 2.
Joining at the end.
Now that you know the DRAFT and DRAFT2 files exist, join DRAFT to the end
of the file DRAFT2.
Text in DRAFT2 by entering:
TEXT DRAFT2Return
Then enter:
JOIN DRAFT''Return
It will look like this on the screen:
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| /TEXT DRAFT2 |
| /JOIN DRAFT |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
The contents of DRAFT that are appended to the end of DRAFT2, on lines 6,
7, and 8, appear on the screen. To see all of the file, enter:
LIST ALLReturn.
You should see this:
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| /LIST ALL |
| 1 This is the file DRAFT2. |
| 2 This is a very short file. |
| 3 This is line 3. |
| 4 This is line 4. |
| 5 This is the end of the file DRAFT2. |
| 6 This is line 1 of the file DRAFT. |
| 7 This is the second line of DRAFT. |
| 8 This is the last line of DRAFT. |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
In this exercise, you did not specify where to put DRAFT, so the editor
made the assumption that you wanted to put it at the end (appending).
Keep the joined file of DRAFT and DRAFT2 as a file named NEWDRAFT.
KEEP NEWDRAFTReturn
Clear the editor's workspace by entering
DELETE ALLReturn
Joining in the middle.
By specifying a line number with JOIN, you can add one file from the disk
anywhere in the body of the file you are working on.
Try it. Text in
DRAFT.
Enter:
TEXT DRAFTReturn
JOIN DRAFT2 TO 1.1Return
To see the combined file, enter:
LIST ALLReturn
The contents of DRAFT2 were inserted, creating new lines between line 1
and line 2. Notice that the added lines have increments of 0.1.
Keep this file as NXTDRAFT.
KEEP NXTDRAFTReturn
Suspending EDIT/3000:the Break key
Some programs won't allow you to execute a system command while the
program is running. There may be times when you need to get to the
system prompt (:) to access MPE/iX commands.
Fortunately, most Hewlett-Packard programs do allow you to suspend
program operations in order to execute a command, and most allow you to
resume operation of the program without losing your place.
Using the Break key.
Try this exercise from within the editor. Once again, clear the editor's
workspace.
Enter:
DELETE ALLReturn
Text in the DRAFT.
TEXT DRAFTReturn
Enter:
ADDReturn
Add the following lines:
Once upon a midnight drearyReturn
While I pondered weak and wearyReturn
Note the line number that you are on (6) and remember that you are still
in the Add mode.
Locate the Break key on your keyboard and press it.
Your screen should look like this:
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| /ADD |
| 4 Once upon a midnight dreary |
| 5 While I pondered weak and weary |
| 6 Break |
| : |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
You won't see Break on the screen.
Notice that the system prompt has returned.
Pressing Break forces the suspension of the editor. You can now
communicate directly with the MPE/iX system. You are in Break mode.
NOTE Not all programs or commands can be suspended with Break. Some
commands ignore Break and proceed to their conclusion. The online
help facility indicates which commands are breakable.
Use SHOWTIME to get the date and time from the system.
It should look like this on the screen:
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| :SHOWTIME |
| FRI, JUL 27, 1990, 4:58 PM |
| : |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
Continuing a Program: RESUME
The RESUME command continues the operation of a program or command that
has been suspended. The program or command resumes its action exactly
where it left off when you pressed Break.
NOTE Not all programs or commands can be continued with RESUME. Some
commands terminate when you press Break.
Now enter:
RESUMEReturn
Does this appear on the screen?
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| :RESUME |
| READ pending |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
This is what is happening:
* The RESUME command tells the computer to pick up where it left off
with the editor (or whatever it was doing when you pressed Break).
* the READ pending message means that the computer is waiting for
you to do something, but it may not be clear what it is waiting
for.
When you pressed Break you were in Add mode. And when you tell MPE/iX to
resume, it returns to the editor's Add mode.
The computer is waiting for you to do one of two things:
* continue typing a line
* signal the start of a new line by pressing Return
To continue typing a line, enter this:
Another line came back, ready for more editing.Return
This line becomes line 6, because you were on line 6 when you broke off
line editing with Break. You cannot see the line number yet, but do you
see that the editor is now ready for you to type line 7?
Now, type the following on line 7, but do not press Return at the end of
the line.
I am going to type another sentence now.
At the end of line 7, press Break.
Here is the sequence as it occurs on the screen (Break and the Return
keys are invisible, of course):
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| /ADD |
| 4 Once upon a midnight dreary |
| 5 While I pondered weak and weary |
| 6 BREAK |
| :SHOWTIMEReturn |
| FRI, JUL 27, 1990, 4:58 PM |
| :RESUMEReturn |
| READ pending |
| Another line came back, ready for more editingReturn |
| 7 I am going to type another sentence nowBreak |
| : |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
Pressing Break obliterates line 7. In the editor, pressing Break when
the cursor is on a line of text prevents the computer from ever receiving
that line.
Get out of Break by typing RESUME. Press Return and get out of the Add
mode of the editor.
Type the following to look at your file:
LIST ALL
Use ABORT after BREAKto stop
Every program has its own way of allowing you to stop the program. For
the editor, the command is END, EXIT, or E.
The ABORT command allows you to terminate the program without using the
program-specific stop command. ABORT provides an emergency exit.
NOTE ABORT can be used only after you press Break.
Press Break
Enter:
ABORTReturn
Here is what happens on the screen:
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| :ABORT |
| PROGRAM ABORTED PER USER REQUEST. (CIERR 989) |
| : |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
If you now try
RESUMEReturn
RESUME will not work.
You will see this on the
screen:
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| :RESUME |
| COMMAND ONLY ALLOWED IN BREAK. (CIERR 1686) |
| :_ |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
By executing ABORT, you have stopped the editor in its tracks. The only
way to get back to the editor now is to start it all over again.
CAUTION Do not use ABORT to end programs. An ill timed ABORT can
destroy information that you might want to keep.
Safety files:K files
The editor does its best to ensure against emergencies that would
compromise your current work. It even regards a Break or an ABORT
command as a small emergency. To protect the work that you are doing, it
creates K files while you are working on a text file. Here is how it
works.
Enter:
LISTFILEReturn
Look closely at the file names. Did you get something like this on the
screen?
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| :LISTFILE |
| |
| FILENAME |
| |
| DOCUMENT DRAFT DRAFT2 K1901052 K1901102 |
| NEWDRAFT NXTDRAFT |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
You should have one or more files that begin with the letter K, followed
by seven digits. The K file appeared because you used the Break key
while you were working on DRAFT.
The K files that appear on your screen have different numbers from the
ones shown above.
* The K file is the editor's safeguard against emergencies.
* If an emergency comes up (a loss of power, an ABORT, or an
interruption such as Break) the file that you are working on is
saved with the K name.
* The K name consists of the letter K and a series of numbers that
record the date and time.
The K file saved on your disk is the most current version of the file
DRAFT. Notice, though, that another, older version of DRAFT is still on
the disk.
What the numbers mean.
All seven digits following the K have a meaning. They tell you when the
file was created. If an emergency arises (if the power goes out, for
instance), look at the clock. Note the time.
Table 3-3. The K Numbers
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| What they mean |
| |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| K1901052 The last four digits (1052) tell you that the time (24-hour |
| style) when you created the file. This one was created at |
| 10:52 A.M. |
| |
| K1901052 The first three digits (190) tell that you the file was |
| created on the 190th day of the year of the Julian calendar |
| (for example, January 1 would be 001, January 2 would 002, |
| and so on). |
| |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using these numbers, you can identify the file.
On what day and at what time was the file K0592305 created?
If you answered February 28, at 11:05 P.M., you were right!
What is saved in a K file
The editor creates a new K file every time that you start a new file,
text in an existing file for editing, or join one file to another file.
If you are creating a new file, there is nothing in the K file at first.
If you are texting in an existing file, then the K file consists of
whatever was in the existing file (on the disk) when you issued the TEXT
command to bring the file into the editor workspace.
The editor adds new lines to the K file as you add lines to the work file
that you see displayed on the screen. That means that if the power goes
out, or you use BreakABORTReturn, your file will be saved in a K file on
the disk.
Recovering a K file
Try this procedure to recover K files:
* Start the editor if you are not already in it.
* Enter:
:LISTFILEReturn
Look for a file beginning with K and ending with 7 numbers.
* Use TEXT to put the K file into the editor's workspace (for
example, TEXT K1901052Return). The following message appears on
the screen:
________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| ***WARNING*** TEXT FILE IS NOW WORK FILE. |
| |
________________________________________________________________________
* Use LIST ALLReturn to see the file's contents.
* Use KEEP with a file name of your choice to save the file, KEEP
KFILEReturn, or whatever valid file name you like.
* Leave the editor.
NOTE If your management treats K files as temporary files, your operator
probably erases them from the disk regularly. If so, examine any K
files that appear in your group. Decide whether to recover them
(with a new name) or whether to let your operator purge them.