HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
Lesson 3 Editing a Text File Lesson 3 presents the commands that permit you to do the following: * open an editor file for editing: TEXT * print an editor file: LIST * edit a line: MODIFY * add new lines to the end of a text file: ADD * add new lines in the middle of a text file: ADD * erase a line of text file: DELETE * renumber lines: GATHER ALL * move lines: GATHER * clear the file from the editor's workspace: DELETE ALL Open an EDIT/3000 file for editing Using the editor, you have learned to create and save files.
NOTE Before trying this, find out whether your computer is connected to a printer and where that printer is located.
To print a file from the editor, the file first must be brought into the work area. Get into the editor and at the / prompt enter: TEXT DOCUMENTReturn The TEXT command instructs the computer to find the specified file, and, if it exists, to put it into the editor's workspace for printing or for file editing. To display the entire DOCUMENT file to your screen, enter: LIST ALLReturn This file should look very familiar to you by now. Sending a file to the printer With a slight change, the LIST or L command prints the file on your line printer. To send the file that you are working on to the printer, enter: LIST ALL, OFFLINEReturn * The LIST command tells the editor to display the file on the screen. * The ALL parameter tells the computer to display all of the file. * The addition of , OFFLINE tells the computer to send the file (or lines of the file) not to the screen but to the printer. You should eventually see this message on the screen: ________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | /LIST ALL, OFFLINE | | *** OFF LINE LISTING BEGUN. *** | | / | | | ________________________________________________________________________ This tells you the computer has started working on your command. If your printer is busy, your file might take a while to print. It may take a few more moments before the editor prompt (/) reappears on the screen. Its reappearance tells that you the file is on its way to the line printer.
NOTE On its way to the line printer: The printer can handle only one file at a time. If other people have sent files to the printer--especially if they are long files--your file might have to wait in line to be printed. Your file is given a number and is printed in proper order, along with all of the other waiting files. The order of printouts can be altered by the system manager.
You can also print a single line: LIST 1, OFFLINE This would print line 1. Or you can print a range of lines: LIST 2/5, OFFLINE This would print lines 2, 3, 4, and 5. Identifying your document. The paper copy of your file is called a printout, hard copy, or listing. Your listing can be easily distinguished from other users' listings by the header (front) and trailer (back) pages of your listing. Your logon identifier appears several times across these pages. Go pick up your listing. Problems?. Did your file not print out? Your system manager or someone else may have created another standardized way of indicating a line printer or some other printing device. If so, using OFFLINE might not succeed. Ask your account manager for the correct way to indicate the line printer for this use of the editor LIST command. Adding lines of text:ADD The ADD command automatically begins adding lines at the end of the existing file, no matter where the end of the file is found. From within the editor, display the entire DOCUMENT file: LIST ALLReturn Next enter: ADDReturn This brings a new, blank line labeled 7 onto the screen. You are now ready for typing. Add the following lines 7 through 10 to your file: Remember that corrections have to be made one step at a time.Return After each step you can see what you accomplished by pressingReturn Return. When you are done, leave the MODIFY step by pressingReturn Return twice in a row.Return //Return Your screen is probably cluttered, but your display should show this: ________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | /LIST ALL | | 1 EDIT/3000 is a hard-working program. Your operator | | would | | 2 call it an entire subsystem of your computer operating | | system. | | 3 It has dozens of its own commands, some of them | | quite | | 4 elaborate. It even uses three REDO subcommands that | | you | | 5 used in module 1. | | 6 The ADD command adds lines at the end of an existing | | file. | | /ADD | | 7 Remember that corrections have to be made one step at a | | time. | | 8 After each step you can see what you accomplished by | | pressing | | 19 Return. When you are done, leave the MODIFY step by | | pressing | | 10 Return twice in a row. | | 11 // | | / | | | ________________________________________________________________________ Adding linesin the middle of a text file: ADD What if you want to add text in the middle of a file? Using ADD with a line number starts a new line immediately after the number you have specified. Enter: ADD 6Return and at 6.1 type the following: I decided to add more lines in the middle of what I alreadyReturn had.Return Return //Return Enter: LIST ALLReturn Your screen should look like this: ________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | 1 EDIT/3000 is a hard-working program. Your operator | | would | | 2 call it an entire subsystem of your computer operating | | system. | | 3 It has dozens of its own commands, some of them | | quite | | 4 elaborate. It even uses three REDO subcommands that | | you | | 5 used in module 1. | | 6 The ADD command adds lines at the end of an existing | | file. | | 6.1 I decided to add more lines in the middle of what I | | already | | 6.2 had. | | 6.3 | | 7 Remember that corrections have to be made one step at a | | time. | | 8 After each step you can see what you accomplished by | | pressing | | 9 Return. When you are done, leave the MODIFY step by | | pressing | | 10 Return twice in a row. | | | ________________________________________________________________________ Notice that to insert new lines between line 6 and line 7, the editor added the new lines with increments of 0.1 (one-tenth). It can also add lines in increments of 0.01 or 0.001. The editor would allow you to do this (but do not do this now): /ADD 6.001 The editor would let you start typing on line 6.001 and then on 6.002 and then on 6.003, and so on. When you got to line 6.009, the editor would increment the line count to 6.01. Using increments of 0.001, the editor could add as many as 999 new lines between line 6 and line 7. If you need still more lines, you can use the GATHER ALL command to renumber the lines. Then add lines where you want them. Erase a line: DELETE Make sure you are in command mode. The DELETE or D command erases a line or a range of lines. Try entering DELETE 6.2Return It should appear this way on the screen: ________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | /DELETE 6.2 | | 6.2 had. | | | ________________________________________________________________________ DELETE displays the line that you erased. Use LIST ALLReturn to verify that the line has been erased. To delete a series of consecutive lines, use DELETE and specify the line range you wish to erase. In the following example, lines 7 through 10 of your document are erased. Try this and see what happens: DELETE 7/10Return Renumbering lines:GATHER ALL The GATHER ALL command instructs the editor to renumber lines. That's useful when you have added lines between lines and the numbering scheme begins to get out of hand. Try this: GATHER ALLReturn LIST ALLReturn You should see the following: ________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | 1 EDIT/3000 is a hard-working program. Your operator | | would | | 2 call it an entire subsystem of your computer operating | | system. | | 3 It has dozens of its own commands, some of them | | quite | | 4 elaborate. It even uses three REDO subcommands that | | you | | 5 used in module 1. | | 6 The ADD command adds lines at the end of an existing | | file. | | 7 I decided to add more lines in the middle of what I | | already | | 8 | | | ________________________________________________________________________ Now the line numbers are neat and tidy. Notice that you can now add lines between line 6 and line 7 and have the increment start with 0.1 all over again. Moving lines:GATHER The GATHER command lets you move one or more lines from one place to another. Enter this: GATHER 7 TO 1.1Return You will see this: ________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | /GATHER 7 TO 1.1 | | 7 => 1.1 | | | ________________________________________________________________________ The editor displays the number of the line being moved and shows the line number where it will appear (line 1.1). Use LIST ALLReturn to verify that line 7 has been moved to line 1.1 and that line 7 has disappeared. You should see this: ________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | 1 EDIT/3000 is a hard-working program. Your operator | | would | | 1.1 I decided to add more lines in the middle of what I | | already | | 2 call it an entire subsystem of your computer operating | | system. | | 3 It has dozens of its own commands, some of them | | quite | | 4 elaborate. It even uses three REDO subcommands that | | you | | 5 used in module 1. | | 6 The ADD command adds lines at the end of an existing | | file. | | 8 | | | ________________________________________________________________________ Do you notice? To move line 7 between lines 1 and 2, you used the GATHER command to move line 7 to line 1.1. How would you move lines 3 through 5 directly under line 1.1? GATHER 3/5 TO 1.2Return The 3/5 tells the editor to move lines 3 through 5. Try it. What happens? Enter: LIST ALLReturn What do you see? Moving the lines has jumbled the meaning of the text. And you now have line numbers with decimals. It would be useful to renumber the lines. Renumbering lines Do this: GATHER ALLReturn Then use LIST ALLReturn What happens? The GATHER ALL command instructs the editor to renumber lines lines of the work file. That becomes useful when you have added or moved lines between lines and the numbering scheme threatens to get out of hand. Save the file. Enter: KEEPReturn The editor already knows the name of the file, so you do not have to specify a file name this time. (If you specified a different file name--KEEP DOCFILE--the editor would know that you wanted to keep your work under a new file name.) So you should see this on the screen: ________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | DOCUMENT | | DOCUMENT ALREADY EXISTS - RESPOND YES TO PURGE OLD AND KEEP | | NEW | | PURGE OLD? | | | ________________________________________________________________________ Enter: YESReturn Editing a text line:MODIFY Use the MODIFY command to edit lines of text. For example: MODIFY 22 tells the computer to let you edit line 22, if there is a line 22. MODIFY Works Like REDO. Do you recall the commands used with the REDO command in module 1 to edit command lines? The MODIFY command in the editor uses three of the same commands: D, I, and R. D Deletes the character above it. DDDD erases four characters, the ones above each D. I Inserts character(s) above the I. R Replaces character(s) above the R with new character(s). Like REDO, MODIFY retrieves a line for correction. STEP 1. Make one correction on the line. STEP 2. Press Return. Pressing Return once displays the line again for another correction. STEP 3. If the line is now correct, press Return again. Pressing Return twice in a row signals the end of your corrections on that particular line. If the line is still not correct, go to STEP 4. STEP 4. Make another correction on the line. Go to STEP 3. Enter: ADDReturn Then type the following line, exactly as shown, to the end of the DOCUMENT file: SAVE is used to save alll or prt of the work file.Return //Return Now, enter the following: MODIFY 9Return Using the D, I, and R commands of MODIFY, correct the line above to read as follows: KEEP is used to save all or part of the work file. Follow the editing step by step. /MODIFY 9 9 SAVE is used to save alll or prt of the work file. RKEEPReturn 9 KEEP is used to save alll or prt of the work file. dReturn 9 KEEP is used to save all or prt of the work file. iaReturn 9 KEEP is used to save all or part of the work file. Return Notice: * The editor prompts you for the changes that you want to make. * When the line is correct, press Return again to tell the editor to accept the line the way it is. Unlike the REDO command, the MODIFY command lets you modify blocks of text. * You could enter MODIFY 1/4 to edit lines 1 through 4. * The computer would first display line 1 for editing. * When you finish editing line 1 and press Return twice, the editor displays line 2 for editing, and so on. Try that, if you like, with the file that you have been working on. Starting a new editor file:DELETE ALL
NOTE Read this lesson completely before performing any of the following. Then, if you like, go back to do the practice exercises.
The editor's workspace is an area of computer memory that is separate from and independent of disk memory. So, it is possible to have one version of a file on the disk and edit that same file in the editor's workspace. Naturally, the more you edit the version in the workspace, the more it comes to differ from the version that is saved on the disk. If you wish, you can use KEEP DOCUMENT to save to disk the workspace version of the DOCUMENT file that you have been editing throughout this module. As soon as you do that, the two versions are identical--until you begin more editing on the workspace version; however, if you want to clear the workspace without saving your editing changes, enter: DELETE ALLReturn This erases everything in the editor's workspace memory area, but the file that is kept on disk is unchanged. Because this can have disastrous consequences if typed in error, the EDIT/3000 program gives the following warning: ________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | IF IT IS OK TO CLEAR RESPOND "YES" | | CLEAR? | | | ________________________________________________________________________ A NOReturn reply to this warning halts any deletion. Use LIST ALLReturn to verify that there is no file in the editor's workspace. With the editor's workspace completely clear, you could start a new file if you wanted to. To start a new file, you would enter the ADD command: ADDReturn If there is no file in the workspace (you entered DELETE ALLReturn), then the editor starts a fresh new file with line 1.