HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
HP 3000 Computer Systems HP Transact Reference Manual HP Part No. 32247-60003 Printed in U.S.A. Edition Seventh Edition E0494
________________________________________________________________________ |The information contained in this document is subject to change | |without notice. | | | |HEWLETT-PACKARD MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS | |MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hewlett-Packard | |shall not be liable for errors contained herein or use of this | |material. | | | |Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability | |of its software on equipment that is not furnished by Hewlett-Packard.| | | |This document contains proprietary information which is protected by | |copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be | |photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the| |prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard Company. | ________________________________________________________________________ Copyright (c)1981, 1982-1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994 by Hewlett-Packard Company Printed September 3, 1997 Printing History The following table lists the printings of this document, together with the respective release dates for each edition. The software version indicates the version of the software product at the time this document was issued. Many product releases do not require changes to the document. Therefore, do not expect a one-to-one correspondence between product releases and document editions. Edition Date Software Version -------------------------------------------------------------------------- First Edition December 1981 32247A.00.00 Second Edition December 1982 32247A.00.03 Update #1 June 1983 32247A.01.01 Update #2 February 1985 32247A.02.02 Fourth Edition October 1987 32247A.03.07 Update #1 July 1988 32247A.06.00 & 30138A.00.00 Fifth Edition February 1990 32247A.07.02 & 30138A.02.01 Sixth Edition September 1992 32247A.09.00 & 30138A.04.00 Seventh Edition April 1994 32247A.10.00 & 30138A.05.00 About This Manual This manual is a reference for programming in the Transact programming language. It assumes that you have a working knowledge of computer programming and the HP 3000 computer system, including the subsystems TurboIMAGE and VPLUS. The manual contains the following chapters and appendixes: * Chapter 1, "Introduction to Transact," describes the features and benefits of Transact. * Chapter 2, "Program Structure," describes the program structure of Transact. * Chapter 3, "Data Items," discusses data item definitions, names, types, sizes, as well as parent and child items, compound items, array subscripting, and defining and handling arrays. * Chapter 4, "Transact Registers," describes registers, the areas of data storage in Transact, and how they work. * Chapter 5, "User Interface," describes the three modes of user interface: command sequence, character mode, and block mode using VPLUS. * Chapter 6, "Accessing Databases and Files," describes how to use databases, KSAM files, and MPE files with Transact. * Chapter 7, "Error Handling," explains the error handling process and the effect of the STATUS option on various verbs. * Chapter 8, "Verbs," provides detailed descriptions of the Transact verbs. * Chapter 9, "Running Transact," tells how to compile and execute Transact programs and control execution at run time. * Chapter 10, "Transact Test Facility," explains how to use the test facility, which is a major aid in program testing, integration, and optimization. * Chapter 11, "TRANDEBUG," describes Transact/iX's symbolic debugging facility. It also provides a tutorial introduction to using the debugger and a dictionary of all TRANDEBUG commands. * Appendix A, "Flowcharts of File and Database Operations," contains flowcharts showing the file and database procedures called when Transact verbs perform file and database operations. * Appendix B, "Transact/iX Migration Guide," provides guidelines for migrating Transact/V programs to native mode Transact/iX programs on an MPE/iX system. * Appendix C, "Optimizing Transact Applications," provides guidelines for optimizing the run-time performance and efficiency of Transact applications. * Appendix D, "Architected Call Interface," explains how to call existing Transact/iX subprograms from COBOL or Pascal. * Appendix E, "Native Language Support," describes how Transact provides access to MPE native language support at compile time and run time. Introducing MPE/iX MPE/iX, Multiprogramming Executive with Integrated POSIX, is the latest in a series of forward-compatible operating systems for the HP 3000 line of computers. In Hewlett-Packard documentation and in talking with other HP 3000 users, you will encounter references to MPE XL, the direct predecessor of MPE/iX. MPE/iX is a supersest of MPE XL. All programs written for MPE XL will run without change under MPE/iX, and you can continue to use MPE XL system documentation. Finally, you may encounter references to MPE V, an HP 3000 operating system that is not based on the PA-RISC architecture. MPE V software can be run on the PA-RISC (Series 900) HP 3000s in what is known as compatibility mode (CM). Transact Enhancements This edition of the manual includes descriptions of the enhancements that have been made to Transact. Here is a list of these enhancements and where they are located in the manual. Enhancement Location ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ALIGN Option for LIST Chapter 8 ASCII Function for LET Chapter 8 CALL, STATUS Chapter 8 CHAR Function for MOVE Chapter 8 COL Function for MOVE Chapter 8 Expand Intrinsic Support of DEFINE(INTRINSIC) Chapter 8 LENGTH Function for LET Chapter 8 LOWER Function for MOVE Chapter 8 POSITION Function for LET Chapter 8 PROPER Function for MOVE Chapter 8 PROPER Modifier for SET and RESET Chapter 8 SPACE Function for MOVE Chapter 8 STRING Function for MOVE Chapter 8 UPPER Function for MOVE Chapter 8 VALUE Function for LET Chapter 8 WORKFILE Option for FIND Chapter 8 CHCK Compiler Option Chapter 9 Where to Find More Information The following manuals and courses are recommended for additional reference or to practice using Transact. Reference Manuals Title Part Number ------------------------------------------------------------------------- MPE/V Commands Reference Manual 30000-90009 MPE/V Intrinsics Reference Manual 30000-90010 SPL/V Reference Manual 30000-90024 KSAM/3000 Reference Manual 30000-90079 TurboIMAGE/V Database Management System Reference 32215-90050 Manual VPLUS/3000 Reference Manual 32209-90001 Dictionary/3000 Reference Manual 32244-90001 HP System Dictionary/V User's Guide 32254-90001 HP System Dictionary/V Utilities Reference Manual 32254-90003 Report/V User's Guide 32245-90001 Inform/V User's Guide 32246-90001 Getting Started with Transact 32247-90007 MPE/iX Commands Reference Manual 32650-90003 MPE/iX Intrinsics Reference Manual 32650-90028 TurboIMAGE/XL Database Management System Reference 30391-90001 Manual HP System Dictionary/XL General Reference Manual 32256-90004 HP System Dictionary/XL Utilities Reference Manual 32256-90003 Self-Paced Courses Title Part Number ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Using Dictionary/V 22843B Programming in Transact 22842A Conventions UPPERCASE Within syntax statements, characters in uppercase must be entered in exactly the order shown, though you can enter them in either uppercase or lowercase. For example: SHOWJOB Valid entries: showjob ShowJob SHOWJOB Invalid entries: shojwob ShoJob SHOW_JOB italics Within syntax statements, a word in italics represents a formal parameter or argument that you must replace with an actual value. In the following example, you must replace filename with the name of the file you want to release: RELEASE filename punctuation Within syntax statements, punctuation characters (other than brackets, braces, vertical parallel lines, and ellipses) must be entered exactly as shown. { } Within syntax statements, braces enclose required elements. When several elements within braces are stacked, you must select one. In the following example, you must select ON or OFF: SETMSG {ON } {OFF} [ ] Within syntax statements, brackets enclose optional elements. In the following example, brackets around ,TEMP indicate that the parameter and its delimiter are optional: PURGE {filename} [,TEMP] When several elements with brackets are stacked, you can select any one of the elements or none. In the following example, you can select devicename or deviceclass or neither: SHOWDEV [devicename] [deviceclass] Conventions (continued) [...] Within syntax statements, a horizontal ellipsis enclosed in brackets indicates that you can repeatedly select elements that appear within the immediately preceding pair of brackets or braces. In the following example, you can select itemname and its delimiter zero or more times. Each instance of itemname must be preceded by a comma: [,itemname][...] If a punctuation character precedes the ellipsis, you must use that character as a delimiter to separate repeated elements. However, if you select only one element, the delimiter is not required. In the following example, the comma cannot precede the first instance of itemname: [itemname][,...] |...| Within syntax statements, a horizontal ellipsis enclosed in parallel vertical lines indicates that you can select more than one element that appears within the immediately preceding pair of brackets or braces. However, each element can be selected only one time. In the following example, you must select ,A or ,B or ,A,B or ,B,A : {,A}|...| {,B} If a punctuation character precedes the ellipsis, you must use that character as a delimiter to separate repeated elements. However, if you select only one element, the delimiter is not required. In the following example, you must select A or B or AB or BA. The first element cannot be preceded by a comma: {A}|,...| {B} ... Within examples, horizontal or vertical ellipses indicate where portions of the example are omitted. _ Within syntax statements, the space symbol _ shows a required blank. In the following example, you must separate modifier and variable with a blank: SET[(modifier)]_(variable); underlining User input is underlined. For example: PROMPT? response In a syntax statement, brackets, braces, or ellipses are underlined if you must enter them. For example: COMMAND [[ParameterA]] = ParameterB Conventions (continued) shading Within an example of interactive dialog, shaded characters indicate user input or responses to prompts. In the following example, OMEGA is the user's response to the NEW NAME prompt: NEW NAME? OMEGA The symbol indicates a key on the terminal's keyboard. For example, Ctrl indicates the Control key. Ctrl char Ctrl char indicates a control character. For example, Ctrl Y means you have to simultaneously press the Control key and the Y key on the keyboard. base prefixes The prefixes %, #, and $ specify the numerical base of the value that follows: %num specifies an octal number. #num specifies a decimal number. $num specifies a hexadecimal number. When no base is specified, decimal is assumed. Bit (bit:length) When a parameter contains more than one piece of data within its bit field, the different data fields are described in the format bit (bit:length), where bit is the first bit in the field and length is the number of consecutive bits in the field. For example, Bits (13:3) indicates bits 13, 14, and 15: most significant least significant |--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| | 0| | | | | | | | | | | | |13|14|15| |--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| Bit (0:1) Bits(13:3)