HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
Arithmetic Functions
The eight standard arithmetic functions in HP Pascal are abs, arctan,
cos, exp, ln, sin, sqr, and sqrt. Details about each of these functions
are given in the following pages.
abs
Usage
abs(x)
Argument
x A numeric expression.
Description
The abs function computes the absolute value of its argument, which must
be an expression with a numeric type. The type of the result is the same
as the type of the numeric expression. Note that it may be an error to
take the absolute value of minint.
Example
Input Result
abs(-13) 13 { integer result }
abs(-7.11) 7.110000E+00
abs (true) error { not a numeric type }
arctan
Usage
arctan(x)
Argument
x A numeric expression.
Description
The arctan function returns the principal value of the angle that has the
tangent equal to the argument. The result is in radians within the range
-pi/2..pi/2. This function returns a real for sub-integer, integer, or
real arguments, and longreal for longreal or super-integer arguments.
The value used for pi is implementation dependent.
Example
Input Result
arctan(num_exp)
arctan(2) 1.107149E+00
arctan(-4.002) -1.32594E+00
cos
Usage
cos(x)
Argument
x A numeric expression.
Description
The cos function returns the cosine of the angle represented by its
argument that is interpreted in radians. This function returns a real
for sub-integer, integer, or real arguments, and longreal for longreal or
super-integer arguments. The range of the returned value is -1.0 through
+1.0.
Example
Input Result
cos(x_rad)
cos(1.62) -4.91838E-02
exp
Usage
exp(x)
Argument
x A numeric expression.
Description
The exp real function raises e to the power of the argument. This
function returns a real for sub-integer, integer, or real arguments, and
longreal for longreal or super-integer arguments. The value used for
Naperian e is implementation dependent.
Example
Input Result
exp(3) 2.008554E+01
exp(8.8E-3) 1.008839E+00
exp(8.8L-3) 1.00883883382898L+00
ln
Usage
ln(x)
Argument
x Any positive numeric expression.
Description
The ln function returns the natural logarithm (base e) of the argument.
This function returns a real for sub-integer, integer, or real arguments,
and longreal for longreal or super-integer arguments. It is an error if
x is 0 or less than 0. The value used for Naperian e is implementation
dependent.
Example
Input Result
ln(43) 3.761200E+00
ln(2.121) 7.518877E-01
ln(0) { error }
sin
Usage
sin(x)
Argument
x A numeric expression.
Description
The sin function returns the sine of the angle interpreted in radians
represented by its argument. This function returns a real for
sub-integer, integer, or real arguments, and longreal for longreal or
super-integer arguments. Note that the argument can be any numeric
value.
Example
Input Result
sin(rad)
sin(0.024) 2.399769E-02
sin(90) 8.93997E-01
sqr
Usage
sqr(x)
Argument
x Any numeric expression.
Description
The sqr function computes the square of its argument that must be an
expression with a numeric type. The type of the result is the same as
the base type of the numeric expression.
Example
Input Result
sqr(3) 9
sqr(1.198E3) 1.435204E+06.
sqr(-5) 25
sqr(maxint) { error }
sqrt
Usage
sqrt(x)
Argument
x Any positive numeric expression.
Description
The sqrt function computes the square root of its argument, which must be
an expression with a numeric type. It is an error if the argument is
less than 0. This function returns a real for sub-integer, integer, or
real arguments, and longreal for longreal or super-integer arguments.
Example
Input Result
sqrt(64) 8.000000E+00
sqrt(13.5E12) 3.674235E+06
sqrt(0) 0.000000E+00
sqrt(-5) { error }