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Table of Contents
TurboIMAGE/XL Database Management System Reference Manual
TurboIMAGE/XL Database Management System Reference Manual : COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Ch 1. Introduction
General Overview
Data Security
Rapid Data Retrieval and Formatting
Program Development
Program Maintenance
Program File Independence
File Consolidation
Special Information Needs
Database Personnel
How to Use TurboIMAGE/XL
Ch 2. Database Structure and Protection
Database Elements
Data Items
Data Entries
Data Sets
Data Set Types and Relationships
Master Data Sets
Automatic and Manual Masters
Manual versus Automatic Data Sets
Detail Data Sets
Paths
Primary Paths
Sort Items
The ORDERS Database
Database Files
Root File
Data Files
Media Record Length
Blocks
Protecting the Database
Privileged File Protection
Account and Group Protection
Defining Database Security
User Classes and Passwords
Read and Write Class Lists
Write Access
Update Access
Read Access
No Access
Creator-Only Access
Sample Read and Write Class Lists
Null and Absent Lists
Database Access Modes and Data Set Write Lists
Granting a User Class Access
User Classes and Locking
Protection in Relation to Library Procedures
Protection Provided by the TurboIMAGE/XL Utilities
Ch 3. Defining a Database
Database Description Language
Language Conventions
Schema Structure
Password Part
Item Part
Data Item Length
TurboIMAGE/XL and Program Language Data Types
Data Items of Type P
Complex Numbers
Business BASIC Decimal Numbers
QUERY/3000 and Data Types
Data Item Identifiers
Set Part
Master Data Sets
Detail Data Sets
Master Key and Detail Search Items
Data Set Identifiers
Schema Processor Operation
Creating the Text File
The Database Creator
Schema Processor Commands
Continuation Records
$PAGE
$TITLE
$CONTROL
Selecting the Block Size
Schema Processor Output
Summary Information
Schema Errors
Schema Processor Example
Ch 4. Using the Database
Opening the Database
Database Control Blocks
Passwords
Database Access Modes
Concurrent Database Access Modes
Database Operations
Selecting a Database Access Mode
Locking within a Database Process
User Transaction Logging
Entering Data in the Database
Sequence for Adding Entries
Coordinating Additions to a Database
Access Mode and User Class Number
Key and Search Items
Reading the Data
Current Path
Reading Methods
Directed Access
Serial Access
Calculated Access
Chained Access
Rereading the Current Record
Updating Data
Access Modes and User Class Number
Updating Key, Search, and Sort Items
Critical Item Update
Deleting Data Entries
Sequence for Deleting Entries
Coordinating Deletions from a Database
Access Modes and User Class Numbers
Using the Locking Facility
Lock Descriptors
How Locking Works
Conditional and Unconditional Locking
Access Modes and Locking
Automatic Masters
Locking Levels
Deciding on a Locking Strategy
Choosing a Locking Level
Locking at the Same Level
Length of Transactions
Locking During User Dialog
Strong Locking and Dynamic Transactions
Choosing an Item for Locking
Examples of Locking
Add a New Customer
Update Inventory Information
Insert a New Product with a New Supplier
Interactively Modify a Customer Account Order
Issuing Multiple Calls to DBLOCK
Releasing Locks
TurboIMAGE/XL Logging Services
What User Logging Does
How User Logging Works
User Logging and Logical Transactions
Transaction Numbers
User Logging and Process Suspension
Obtaining Database Structure Information
Special Uses of DBINFO
Checking Subsystem Flag
Closing the Database or a Data Set
Checking the Status of a Procedure
Interpreting Errors
Abnormal Termination
Ch 5. TurboIMAGE/XL Library Procedures
Using TurboIMAGE/XL Intrinsics
Intrinsic Numbers
Database Protection
Unused Parameters
The Status Array
Transactions
DBBEGIN
DBCLOSE
Using TurboIMAGE/XL Intrinsics (contd)
DBCONTROL
DBDELETE
DBEND
Using TurboIMAGE/XL Intrinsics (contd.)
DBERROR
DBEXPLAIN
Using TurboIMAGE/XL Intrinsics (contd)
DBFIND
DBGET
Using TurboIMAGE/XL Intrinsics (contd.)
DBINFO
Using TurboIMAGE/XL Intrinsics (contd)
DBLOCK
DBMEMO
DBOPEN
Using TurboIMAGE/XL Intrinsics (contd.)
DBPUT
DBUNLOCK
DBUPDATE
DBXBEGIN
Using TurboIMAGE/XL Intrinsics (contd)
DBXEND
DBXUNDO
Ch 6. Host Language Access
Model Program
ORDERS Database Schema
Model Program Conventions
ORDERS Database Model Program
Main Body of Program
Opening the Database
Retrieving All the Records on a Chain (with Item Level Locking)
Retrieving a Data Entry Using a Record Number
Retrieving Master Data Using a Key Value
Retrieving Data Serially (with Set Level Locking)
Adding an Entry
Updating an Entry
Deleting an Entry
Rewinding a Data Set
Obtaining Database Information
Obtaining Error Messages and Explanations
ORDERS Database Model Program (contd)
Closing the Database
C
COBOL II
ORDERS Database Model Program (contd.)
Closing the Database (contd.)
COBOL II
ORDERS Database Model Program (contd)
Closing the database (contd)
FORTRAN 77
Pascal
ORDERS Database Model Program (contd.)
Closing the Database (contd.)
RPG
Ch 7. Logging and Recovery
Ch 7. Logging and Recovery (cont.)
Database Utilities Used in Logging and Recovery
Recovery Options
Logging and Recovery Considerations
Logical Transactions
A Definition
Locking Requirements for Logical Transactions
Locking and Transaction Interdependence
Locking Examples
Locking and Dynamic Transactions
Dynamic Roll-Back Recovery
Intrinsic Level Recovery
Logging Preparation
Step 1--Checking MPE/iX Logging Configuration
Step 2--Acquiring Logging Capability
Step 3--Logging to Tape or Disk
Step 4--Building a Log File for Logging to Disk
Step 5--Creating the Log Identifier
Step 6--Setting the Log Identifier
Step 7--Setting Flags for the Database Backup Copy
Step 8--Making a Database Backup Copy
Logging Status
Logging Maintenance
Starting the Logging Process
Re-enabling Logging
Setting Database Flags
CHANGELOG Capability
Recovering the Database
Ending the Logging Maintenance Cycle
Logging Results
Log Records
Log File Time Stamps
Roll-Forward Recovery
Enabling the Roll-Forward Feature
Restoring the Database Backup Copy
Performing Roll-Forward Recovery
Recovery from a Stream File
MPE/iX Cleanup Mode and Roll-Forward Recovery
Roll-Back Recovery
Enabling the Roll-Back Feature
Disabling the Roll-Back Feature
Performing Roll-Back Recovery
MPE/iX Cleanup Mode and Roll-Back Recovery
DBRECOV Commands Used with Roll-Forward and Roll-Back Recovery
CONTROL Command
FILE Command
PRINT Command
RECOVER Command
ROLLBACK Command
RUN Command
Recovery Tables
Post-Recovery Options
The Mirror Database
Transferring Log Files
Maintaining the Mirror Database
Performing DBRECOV STOP-RESTART
Stopping DBRECOV
Storing the Databases
Restarting DBRECOV
Aborting DBRECOV
Purging a RESTART File
Controlling the Logging Process
Log File Size
Ch 8. Using the Database Utilities
Restructuring the Database with TurboIMAGE/XL Utilities
Supported Structural Changes Using DBUNLOAD and DBLOAD
Unsupported Structural Changes Using DBUNLOAD and LOAD
Summary of Utility Routines
Utility Program Operation
Backup Files
Error Messages
DBLOAD
DBRECOV
>CONTROL
>EXIT
>FILE
Utility Program Operation (contd)
Error Messages (contd)
>PRINT
>RECOVER
>ROLLBACK
>RUN
DBRESTOR
DBSTORE
DBUNLOAD
Utility Program Operation (contd.)
Error Messages (contd.)
DBUNLOAD
DBUTIL
>>ACTIVATE
>>CREATE
>>DEACTIVATE
>>DISABLE
>>ENABLE
Utility Program Operation (contd)
Error Messages (contd)
>>ERASE
>>EXIT
>>HELP
>>MOVE
>>PURGE
>>RELEASE
>>SECURE
>>SET
Utiltiy Program Operation (contd.)
Error Messages (contd.)
>>SHOW
>>VERIFY
Ch 9. Using a Remote Database
Access Through a Local Application Program
Method 1--Establishing Communications Link and Remote Session Interactively
Method 2--Using the COMMAND Intrinsic
Method 3--Using a Database-Access File
Creating a Database-Access File
Activating a Database-Access File
Deactivating a Database-Access File
Referencing the Database
Access Using QUERY/3000
Ch 10. Internal Structures and Techniques
Data Set Internal Structures
Pointers
Data Chains
Chain Heads
Media Records
Media Records of Detail Data Sets
Media Records of Master Data Sets
Primary Entries
Secondary Entries
Synonym Chains
Blocks and Bit Maps
Run-Time TurboIMAGE/XL Control Blocks
Local Database Access
Remote Database Access
Control Block Sizes
Internal Techniques
Primary Address Calculation
Migrating Secondaries
Space Allocation for Master Data Sets
Space Allocation for Detail Data Sets
Buffer Management
Locking Internals
Accessor Entries
Set Entries
Descriptor Entries
MPE/iX Transaction Management
Ap A. Error Messages
Schema Processor Error Messages
Schema Processor File Errors
Schema Processor Command Errors
Schema Syntax Errors
Library Procedure Error Messages
Abort Conditions
I and J Files
Library Procedure File System and Memory Management
Library Procedure Calling Errors
Library Procedure Error Messages (contd)
Library Procedure Calling Errors (contd)
Library Procedure Error Messages (contd.)
Library Procedure Calling Errors (contd.)
Library Procedure Error Messages (contd)
Library Procedure Calling Errors (contd)
Library Procedure Exceptional Conditions
Library Procedure Error Messages (contd.)
Library Procedure Abort Condition Messages in I File
Utility Error Messages
Utility Program Conditional Messages
Utility Error Messages (contd)
Utility Program Conditional Messages (contd)
Utility Error Messages (contd.)
Utility Program Conditional Messages (contd.)
Utility Error Messages (contd)
Utility Unconditional Error Messages
Utility Error Messages (contd.)
Extended Utility Program Unconditional Messages
Ap B. Results of Multiple Access
Ap C. Database Design Considerations
Ap D. Multiple Calls to DBLOCK
Sort Sequence for Lock Descriptors
Conditional Locks
Remote Databases
Ap E. TurboIMAGE/XL Log Record Formats
Ap F. MPE/iX Log Record Formats
Ap G. Recovery and Logging Quick Reference
Recovery Quick Reference
Dynamic Roll-Back Recovery
Intrinsic Level Recovery (ILR)
Roll-Forward Recovery
Roll-Forward Flag Settings
Roll-Back Recovery
Roll-Back Flag Settings
Recovery
Logging Device Quick Reference
Logging to Tape
Logging to Disk
Sample Job Streams
Ap H. TurboIMAGE/XL versus TurboIMAGE/V
Overview
Moving to TurboIMAGE/XL
Intrinsic Level Recovery
Control Blocks
Status Area
Moving from MPE/iX to MPE V
Buffer Specifications
INDEX
Index