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Header File Contents This section describes the contents of the HP C/iX library header files. All header files provided by HP C/iX are listed. This includes those headers files that comply with the ANSI C standard, and those that do not comply with this standard. The non-ANSI headers files are provided for compatibility with other UNIX-based (1) systems and for interfacing with the MPE operating system.
FOOTNOTE (1) UNIX is a trademark of AT and T in the U.S. and other countries.
Diagnostics <assert.h> The header <assert.h> defines the macro assert. If the expression passed to this function is false (equal to 0), a message is written and the program is terminated. Character Handling <ctype.h> The header <ctype.h> declares several macros and external functions useful for testing and mapping characters. The functions enable you to convert between uppercase and lowercase and to classify characters as digits, nonprintable characters, uppercase, or lowercase. In all cases, the argument is an int that must be representable as an unsigned character or the value of the macro EOF. Because their syntaxes are identical, the following example can be used for all character classification macros: for (i=0; array[i] != 0; i++)) { if (isprint(array[i])) putchar(array[i]); else putchar(' '); } The following identifiers are defined in <ctype.h>: Table 4-1. Character Handling Macros and Functions <ctype.h> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Name | Type | Description | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | isalnum() | function | Tests whether an argument is a letter or a decimal | | | | digit. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | isalpha() | function | Tests whether an argument is a letter. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | isascii() (1) | function | Tests whether an argument is in the ASCII character | | | | set. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | iscntrl() | function | Tests whether an argument is a control character. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | isdigit() | function | Tests whether an argument is a decimal digit. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | isgraph() | function | Tests whether an argument is any printable | | | | non-space character. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | islower() | function | Tests whether an argument is a lowercase letter. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 4-1. Character Handling Macros and Functions <ctype.h> (cont.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Name | Type | Description | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | isprint() | function | Tests whether an argument is any printable | | | | character including the space character (octal | | | | values 040 through 0176). | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | ispunct() | function | Tests whether an argument is any printable | | | | character that is not a space, a digit, or a | | | | letter. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | isspace() | function | Tests whether an argument is a white space | | | | character. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | isupper() | function | Tests whether an argument is an uppercase letter. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | isxdigit() | function | Tests whether an argument is a hexadecimal digit. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | toascii() (2) | function | Converts an integer to 7-bit ASCII. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | _tolower()(2) | macro | Converts an uppercase letter to lowercase. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | _toupper()(2) | macro | Converts a lowercase letter to uppercase. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | tolower() | function | Converts an uppercase letter to lowercase. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | toupper() | function | Converts a lowercase letter to uppercase. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) These identifiers are not defined by the ANSI C standard. Programs using these identifiers are likely to be less portable. (2) These identifiers are not defined by the ANSI C standard. Programs using these identifiers are likely to be less portable. Error Handling <errno.h> The header <errno.h> defines several macros, all relating to the reporting of error conditions. When an error occurs in a HP C/iX library function, an error is usually signalled to the caller through the function return value. The error is signalled by an otherwise impossible return value, usually -1 or NULL. To provide more information about the cause of the error, several functions in the standard library and math library set the external variable errno to a non-zero value when an error occurs. The external variable errno is declared in this header file. This file also defines many macro expressions for the various possible values of errno. The value of errno is zero at program startup, but is never reset to zero by the library functions. Programs that use errno for error checking should reset errno to zero before a library function call, then inspect errno after the function call. [REV BEG] Some functions in the standard library call one or more underlying functions to perform specific tasks. For example, the fopen function calls the open function. In these cases, the underlying functions may set errno. The errno return values of the underlying functions are not documented here. The following is a list of the common error names and their values.[REV END][REV BEG] The POSIX/iX library provides additional error names and values. These errors are described in the MPE/iX Developer's Kit Reference Manual.[REV END]
NOTE The values associated with symbolic names are subject to change. It is suggested that the symbolic names in <errno.h> be used rather than the actual numeric values.
ENOENT (2) No such file. This error occurs when a file name is specified and the file should exist but doesn't. EBADF (9) Bad file number. Either a file descriptor does not refer to an open file, a read (respectively write) request is made to a file that is open only for writing (respectively reading), or the file descriptor is not in the legal range of file descriptors. ENOMEM (12) Not enough space. A brk or sbrk call requested more space than the system is able to supply. EACCES (13) Permission denied. An attempt was made to access a file in a way forbidden by the protection system. EFAULT (14) Bad address. A bad address argument was detected, such as a null pointer. EINVAL (22) Invalid argument. An invalid argument, such as a bad oflag open argument or a bad lseek offset argument. This can also be set by the math functions. EMFILE (24) Too many open files. No process may have more than a system-defined number of file descriptors open at a time. See _NFILE in <stdio.h>. EFBIG (27) File too large. The current output request would exceed the file limit. ESEEK (29) Illegal seek. An attempt to seek in a file that does not support seeking was detected, such as a seek on a terminal file. EDOM (33) Math argument. The argument of a function in the math package is out of the domain of the function. ERANGE (34) Result too large. The value of a function in the math package is not representable within machine precision. ENOBUFS (49) No buffer space available. An operation on a file was not performed because the system lacked sufficient buffer space. ESYSERR (50) System error. A call from an HP C/iX library function to a system intrinsic, or to the heap manager, has failed. When the ESYSERR occurs, three global variables are set: _mpe_intrinsic _mpe_errno _mpe_status The _mpe_intrinsic variable returns a numeric value denoting the intrinsic that has failed. The _mpe_errno variable contains the error number given by the failing intrinsic or, for a file system error, the number received by an FCHECK intrinsic call. The _mpe_status variable contains an MPE STATUS value: the first (high-order) 16 bits contain the error number and the second 16 bits contain the subsystem number. The <errno.h> header file lists the symbolic names used for intrinsics and gives a type definition for _mpe_status(t_mpe_status). The following is a list of the _mpe_intrinsic symbolic names and their values. I_CREATEPROCESS (1) CREATEPROCESS system intrinsic I_FCLOSE (3) FCLOSE system intrinsic I_FCONTROL (4) FCONTROL system intrinsic I_FFILEINFO (5) FFILEINFO system intrinsic I_FPOINT (7) FPOINT system intrinsic I_FREAD (8) FREAD system intrinsic I_FRENAME (9) FRENAME system intrinsic I_FWRITE (10) FWRITE system intrinsic I_HPCIGETVAR (11) HPCIGETVAR system intrinsic I_HPFOPEN (14) HPFOPEN system intrinsic I_PRINT (15) PRINT system intrinsic P_HEAP (16) PASCAL HEAP manager The three global variables, _mpe_intrinsic, _mpe_errno, and _mpe_status, are set only when an error occurs and only when errno is set to ESYSERR. These variables are not cleared on a successful intrinsic call. The _mpe_status variable is provided to give you direct access to the error text of a failing intrinsic. You can obtain this information by calling the intrinsic HPERRMSG with _mpe_status.word as the input. The HPERRMSG intrinsic can write the error message to the screen or to a buffer. ____________________________________________________ NOTE When a P_HEAP error occurs, the value of _mpe_status does not return a valid error text when used as input to HPERRMSG because the PASCAL HEAP error messages are not in the system catalog. The _mpe_status.decode.subsys_num variable is set to the Pascal subsystem number, and _mpe_status.decode.error_num is the error number returned by the failing HEAP routine. ____________________________________________________ Example #pragma intrinsic HPERRMSG #include <errno.h> /*****************************************************************/ /* These are the definitions included from errno.h: */ struct _status_word { short error_num; /* error number */ short subsys_num; /* subsystem number */ }; typedef union { struct _status_work decode; /* for individual part access */ int word; /* for complete struct access */ } t_mpe_status /* for type definition */ extern t_mpe_status _mpe_status; /******************************************************************/ if (fclose(unopened_file)) if (errno == ESYSERR) HPERRMSG(2, , , _mpe_status.word, , , status); else perror(0); To close a file, the HP C/iX library function fclose calls the system intrinsic FCLOSE. If this intrinsic call fails, errno is set to ESYSERR, _mpe_errno is set to the value returned by the FCHECK intrinsic, and _mpe_status is set to a value consisting of two parts. The two parts are as follows: _mpe_status.decode.subsys_num is the file system subsystem number (143), and _mpe_status.decode.error_num is set to the value returned by the FCHECK intrinsic (the same as _mpe_errno). The call to HPERRMSG as shown above writes the proper error message to the terminal screen. If the function fclose fails for a reason other than a failing intrinsic, the C/iX library function perror supplies the appropriate messages. File Control <fcntl.h> The header <fcntl.h> defines arguments to the open function. The macros define constant values for file access options. See the open function in chapter 5 for more detailed information.
NOTE This header file is not defined by the ANSI C standard. Programs using this header are likely to be less portable.
Floating Types <float.h> The header <float.h> defines macros that specify the characteristics of floating-point types. The following macros are defined in this header file: Table 4-2. Floating Types <float.h> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | Name | Description | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | FLT_RADIX | Radix of exponent representation. | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | FLT_MANT_DIG, | Number of base-2 digits in the floating-point significand, | | DBL_MANT_DIG, | p. | | LDBL_MANT_DIG | | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | FLT_DIG, DBL_DIG, | Number of decimal digits, q, such that any floating-point | | LDBL_DIG | number with q decimal digits can be rounded into a | | | floating-point number with p radix b digits and back again | | | without change to the q decimal digits. | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | FLT_EPSILON, DBL_EPSILON, | The difference between 1.0 and the last value greater than | | LDBL_EPSILON | 1.0 that is representable in the given floating-point type. | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | FLT_MIN_EXP, DBL_MIN_EXP, | Minimum negative integer such that 2 raised to that power | | LDBL_MIN_EXP | minus 1 is a normalized floating-point number. | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | FLT_MIN, DBL_MIN, | Minimum normalized positive floating-point number. | | LDBL_MIN | | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | FLT_MIN_10_EXP, | Minimum negative integers such that 10 raised to that power | | DBL_MIN_10_EXP, | is in the range of normalized floating-point numbers. | | LDBL_MIN_10_EXP | | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | FLT_MAX_EXP, DBL_MAX_EXP, | Maximum integers such that 2 raised to that power minus 1 is | | LDBL_MAX_EXP | a representable finite floating-point number. | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 4-2. Floating Types <float.h> (cont.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | Name | Description | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | FLT_MAX, DBL_MAX, | Maximum representable finite floating-point number. | | LDBL_MAX | | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | FLT_MAX_10_EXP, | Maximum integer such that 10 raised to that power is in the | | DBL_MAX_10_EXP, | range of representable floating-point numbers. | | LDBL_MAX_10_EXP | | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Limits <limits.h> The header <limits.h> defines several macros that represent basic C data type limits. The following macros are defined in this header file: Table 4-3. Integral Type Limits <limits.h> --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | Name | Description | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | CHAR_BIT | The number of bits in a char. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | CHAR_MAX | The maximum value stored in a char. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | CHAR_MIN | The minimum value stored in a char. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | INT_MAX | The maximum value stored in an int. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | INT_MIN | The minimum value stored in an int. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | LONG_MAX | The maximum value stored in a long. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | LONG_MIN | The minimum value stored in a long. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | MB_LEN_MAX | The maximum length of a multibyte character. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | SCHAR_MAX | The maximum value stored in a signed char. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | SCHAR_MIN | The minimum value stored in a signed char. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | SHRT_MAX | The maximum value stored in a short. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | SHRT_MIN | The minimum value stored in a short. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | UCHAR_MAX | The maximum value stored in an unsigned char. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | UINT_MAX | The maximum value stored in an unsigned int. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | ULONG_MAX | The maximum value stored in an unsigned long. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | USHRT_MAX | The maximum value stored in an unsigned short. | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Localization <locale.h> The header <locale.h> contains a structure definition, several macro definitions, and the declarations for two functions. These allow you to select the desired locale at run time. This header is used for Native Language Support (NLS). The macro definitions are constants that define the various categories of objects that can be localized, such as the collating sequence used in sorting and the monetary symbol of the local currency. The structure lconv defines a record used for holding values associated with locale-specific numeric formatting (monetary and otherwise). The functions set and retrieve the current locale and manipulate the numeric formatting values. The following identifiers are declared in <locale.h>: Table 4-4. Localization <locale.h> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Name | Type | Description | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | LC_ALL | macro | A constant used to define a category of localizable | | | | objects. Sets and gets the current heterogeneous | | | | locales used by all categories of localizable | | | | objects. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | LC_COLLATE | macro | The category that controls the current locale of | | | | the strcoll and strxfrm functions. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | LC_CTYPE | macro | The category that controls the current locale of | | | | the character handling functions. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | LC_MONETARY | macro | The category that controls the current locale for | | | | monetary formatting by the localeconv function. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | LC_NUMERIC | macro | The category that controls the current locale for | | | | decimal-point, digit separator, and monetary | | | | formatting by the localeconv function. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | LC_TIME | macro | The category that controls the current locale for | | | | time formatting by the strftime function. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 4-4. Localization <locale.h> (cont.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Name | Type | Description | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | lconv | type definition | A structure type definition for a record containing | | | | numeric and monetary formatting values. See the | | | | description of the localeconv function for more | | | | details. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | localeconv() | function | Returns information about the editing symbols of a | | | | numeric quantity specific to a locale. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | NULL | macro | The constant 0. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | setlocale() | function | Controls locale-specific features of the library. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Memory Management <malloc.h> The header <malloc.h> declares several memory management functions, several mallopt argument macros and a structure returned by the mallinfo function. The following identifiers are declared in this header file: Table 4-5. Memory Management <malloc.h> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Name | Type | Description | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | calloc() | function | Allocates a block of memory. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | free() | function | Frees a block of allocated memory. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | mallinfo | type definition | A data type definition used when declaring | | | | parameters and return values. See the function | | | | descriptions for more information. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | mallinfo() | function | Returns information describing space usage. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | malloc() | function | Allocates a block of memory. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | mallopt() | function | Provides control over the memory allocation | | | | algorithm. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | realloc() | function | Changes the size of a block of allocated memory. | | | | | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE This header file is not defined by the ANSI C standard. Programs using this header are likely to be less portable.
Math Library <math.h> The header <math.h> contains declarations for all functions in the HP C/iX math library. It contains various function declarations for routines in the standard library that return floating-point values. The header also defines structures and constants used by the matherr error-handling mechanisms, and macros provided for compatibility with other implementations. The following identifiers are declared in this header file: Table 4-6. Math Library Functions <math.h> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Name | Type | Description | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | abs() | function | Computes the absolute value of an integer. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | acos() | function | Returns the arc cosine in radians of an input | | | | value. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | asin() | function | Returns the arc sine of an input value. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | atan2() | function | Returns the arc tangent of the input Cartisian | | | | coordinates. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | atan() | function | Returns the arc tangent of the input value. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | ceil() | function | Computes the ceiling function that finds the | | | | smallest integer that is greater than or equal to a | | | | specified real number. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | cos() | function | Returns a cosine value for an input angle. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | cosh() | function | Computes the hyperbolic cosine of an angle. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | DOMAIN | macro | An integral constant returned through errno when | | | | the result is outside the domain of the returned | | | | data type. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | erf() (1) | function | Returns the statistical error function of the input | | | | value. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 4-6. Math Library Functions <math.h> (cont.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Name | Type | Description | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | erfc()(2) | function | Returns the complementary error function of the | | | | input value. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | errno | global variable | A global external int variable that provides | | | | additional information regarding errors encountered | | | | in library routines. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | exp() | function | Returns a base number raised to the power of the | | | | argument. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | fabs() | function | Computes the absolute value of a floating-point | | | | number. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | floor() | function | Computes the largest integer value less than or | | | | equal to its argument. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | fmod() | function | Returns the floating-point remainder of a division | | | | operation. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | frexp() | function | Breaks a floating-point number into a normalized | | | | fraction and an integral power of 2. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | gamma() (2) | function | Returns the log gamma of the input value. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | hypot()(2) | function | Returns the length of the hypotenuse of a right | | | | triangle. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | HUGE(2) | macro | The identifier for the maximum value of a | | | | single-precision floating-point number. Provided | | | | for System V compatibility. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | HUGE_VAL | macro | The ANSI C identifier for the maximum value (+ | | | | infinity) of a single-precision floating-point | | | | number. Returned from math library functions when | | | | the result is too large. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | j0()(2) | function | Returns Bessel functions of x of the first kind of | | | | order zero. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 4-6. Math Library Functions <math.h> (cont.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Name | Type | Description | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | j1()(3) | function | Returns Bessel functions of x of the first kind of | | | | order one. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | jn()(3) | function | Return Bessel functions of x of the first kind of | | | | order i. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | ldexp() | function | Accepts a double value and an integer exponent and | | | | returns a double quantity equal to N * 2exp. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | log() | function | Returns the natural logarithm of a positive number. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | log10() | function | Returns the logarithm base ten of a positive | | | | number. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | exception(3) | type definition | A data type definition used with the non-standard | | | | matherr function. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_E(3) | macro | The base of natural logarithms (e). | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_LOG2E (3) | macro | The base-2 logarithm of e. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_LOG10E(3) | macro | The base-10 logarithm of e. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_LN2(3) | macro | The natural logarithm of 2. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_LN10 (3) | macro | The natural logarithm of 10. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_PI(3) | macro | The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its | | | | diameter. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_PI_2(3) | macro | Half of the ratio of the circumference of a circle | | | | to its diameter. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_PI_4(3) | macro | One quarter of the ratio of the circumference of a | | | | circle to its diameter. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_1_PI(3) | macro | The reciprocal of the ratio of the circumference of | | | | a circle to its diameter. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 4-6. Math Library Functions <math.h> (cont.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Name | Type | Description | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_2_PI(4) | macro | Two times the reciprocal of the ratio of the | | | | circumference of a circle to its diameter. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_2_SQRTPI(4) | macro | The square root of the ratio of the circumference | | | | of a circle to its diameter. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_SQRT2(4) | macro | The positive square root of 2. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | M_SQRT1_2(4) | macro | The positive square root of 1/2. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | MAXFLOAT | macro | The largest floating-point number allowed with this | | | | architecture. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | matherr()(4) | function | A user written call-back routine that can be | | | | invoked by many functions in the math library when | | | | errors are detected. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | modf() | function | Accepts a double value and splits the value into | | | | its integer and fractional parts. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | OVERFLOW(4) | macro | An integral constant returned through errno when an | | | | arithmetic overflow has occurred. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | PLOSS(4) | macro | An integral constant returned through errno when a | | | | significant loss of precision has occurred. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | pow()(4) | function | Returns the value of a number raised to the power | | | | of an exponent. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | signgam(4) | external integer | Contains the sign of the value returned by the | | | | gamma function. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | sin() | function | Computes a sine value. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | SING | macro | Expands to an integral constant. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | sinh() | function | Computes the hyperbolic sine of an angle. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | sqrt() | function | Computes the square root of an input value. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 4-6. Math Library Functions <math.h> (cont.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Name | Type | Description | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | tan() | function | Computes a tangent value. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | tanh() | function | Computes the hyperbolic tangent value of an angle. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | TLOSS(5) | macro | An integral constant returned through errno when an | | | | arithmetic error has occurred. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | y0()(5) | function | Return Bessel functions of x of the second kind of | | | | order zero. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | y1()(5) | function | Return Bessel functions of x of the second kind of | | | | order one. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | yn()(5) | function | Return Bessel functions of x of the second kind of | | | | order i. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) These identifiers are not defined by the ANSI C standard. Programs using these identifiers are likely to be less portable. (2) These identifiers are not defined by the ANSI C standard. Programs using these identifiers are likely to be less portable. (3) These identifiers are not defined by the ANSI C standard. Programs using these identifiers are likely to be less portable. (4) These identifiers are not defined by the ANSI C standard. Programs using these identifiers are likely to be less portable. (5) These identifiers are not defined by the ANSI C standard. Programs using these identifiers are likely to be less portable. Memory Handling <memory.h> The header <memory.h> declares several functions useful for manipulating character arrays and other objects treated as character arrays. The following functions are declared by this header file: Table 4-7. Memory Handling <memory.h> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | Name | Type | Description | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | memccpy() | function | Copies characters from one object to another until | | | | a specified character is found or until the | | | | specified count is reached. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | memchr() | function | Searches memory for a specified character. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | memcmp() | function | Compares the first n characters of two objects. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | memcpy() | function | Copies a specified number of characters from one | | | | object to another. | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | memset() | function | Initializes an object with a supplied character | | | | value. | | | | | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE This header file is not defined by the ANSI C standard. Programs using this header are likely to be less portable. Use <string.h> for ANSI compliance.
MPE Aids <mpe.h> The <mpe.h> header file declares several types, constants, and functions that allow you to more easily interface with the MPE/iX operating system. Refer to chapter 3, "Interfacing With MPE/iX," for additional information.
NOTE This header file is not defined by the POSIX or ANSI C standards. Programs using this header are likely to be less portable.